«Порог толерантности». Идеология и практика нового расизма. Виктор Шнирельман
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99
Miles R. Racism. P. 75.
100
Williams B. A class act: anthropology and the race to nation across ethnic terrain // Annual review of anthropology. 1989. Vol. 18. P. 431. Советский социолог А. Шийк описал этот процесс еще в 1930 г. См.: Шийк А. Расовая проблема и марксизм. С. 319–320.
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Goldberg D. Th. The semantics of race. P. 561; Dominguez V. R. A taste for «the Other» // Current Anthropology. 1994. Vol. 35. № 4. P. 334; Bas-hi V. Racial categories matter because racial hierarchies matter: a commentary // Ethnic and Racial Studies. 1998. Vol. 21. № 5. P. 963; Wodak R., Reisigl M. Discourse and racism: European perspectives // Annual Review of Anthropology. 1999. Vol. 28. P. 180; Lentin A. Racism and anti-racism in Europe. London: Pluto Press, 2004. P. 28–29; Murji K., Solomos J. (eds.). Racialization: studies in theory and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005; Rattansi A. Racism. P. 107. О проблематичности этого термина см.: Barot R., Bird J. Racialization.
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Wieviorka M. The arena of racism. London: Sage, 1995. P. 33.
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Jacobson M. F. Whiteness of a different color. European immigrants and the alchemy of race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. P. 105–106; Cornell S., Hartmann D. Ethnicity and race. P. 153–194.
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MacMaster N. Racism in Europe, 1870–2000. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001. P. 176–189, 200–204; Gillborn D. Critical race theory and education: racism and anti-racism in educational theory and praxis // Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education. 2006. Vol. 27. № 1. P. 14–17, 21.
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MacMaster N. Racism in Europe… P. 7, 200–204.
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Chase A. The legacy of Malthus: the social costs of the New scientific racism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1980. P. 72; Todorov T. On human diversity. P. 91; Omi M., Winant H. Racial formation in the United States. P. 71.
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Feagin J. R., Vera H., Batur P. White racism. P. 2–7.
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Winant H. Racism today. P. 760–761.
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Winant H. Racial formation and hegemony: global and local developments // Rattansi A., Westwood S. (eds.). Racism, modernity and identity: on the Western front. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1994. P. 270.
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Benedict R. Race and racism. P. 157.
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Bauman Z. Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 2000. P. 65–72.
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Ibid. P. 74.
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Майлз Р., Браун М. Расизм. С. 105, 131–133.
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Gilroy P. Between camps: nations, cultures and the allure of race. London: Routledge, 2004. P. 144.
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Van Leeuwen B. To what extent is racism a magical transformation? An existential-phenomenological perspective on racism and anti-racism // Journal of social philosophy. 2007. Vol. 38. № 2. Действительно, судя по новейшим исследованиям, эмоции, основанные на стереотипах, искаженных представлениях и «здравом смысле», играют немаловажную роль в развитии расизма. См., напр.: Mukherjee R. The racial order of things: cultural imaginaries of the post-soul era. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 2006.
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Mills Ch. W. The racial polity // Babbitt S. E., Campbell S. (eds.). Racism and philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. P. 25–30; Fredrickson G. M. Racism: a short history. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ Press, 2002. P. 6; Murji K., Solomos J. Introduction: racialization in theory and practice // Murji K., Solomos J. (eds.). Racialization: studies in theory and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. P. 11–12.
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MacMaster N. Racism in Europe. P. 7.
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Wieviorka M. The arena of racism. London: Sage, 1995. P. 36–78.
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Balibar É. Es Gibt Keinen Staat in Europa: Racism and politics in Europe today // New Left Review. 1991. № 186. P. 11, 15–16. См. также: Sivanandan A. RAT and the degradation of black struggle. P. 28; Appadurai A. Modernity at large. P. 146.
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Frankenberg R. White women, race matters.
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Wodak R., Reisigl M. Discourse and racism: European perspectives // Annual Review of Anthropology. 1999. Vol. 28. P. 178–179.
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Feagin J. R., Vera H., Batur P. White racism. P. 19–24.
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Fredrickson G. M. Racism: a short history. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2002. P. 99–101.
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Miles R. Racism. London and New York: Routledge, 1989. P. 42–61, 73–87; Майлз Р., Браун М. Расизм.