Англійська мова. Теорія і практика. Модальні дієслова. Ричард Грант
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Сьогодні ввечері я повинен написати їй листа. 3. Ймовірно, вони зараз милуються красою південної природи. 4. Ймовірно, вони над ним сміються. 5. Всі повинні приходити в школу вчасно. 6. Я, мабуть, забула про це. 7. Вона повинна бути вдома зараз. 8. Ця книга дуже цінна. Ви не повинні її втрачати. 9. Ймовірно, він вже повернувся з півдня. 10. Мабуть, вони тоді жили тут. 11. Не дзвоніть йому: він має бути, дуже зайнятий. 12. Я повинен сказати: ви робите серйозну помилку. 13. Мої друзі, мабуть, в парку. 14. Мабуть, вона все приготувала заздалегідь.
Вправа 23
Перекладіть на англійську мову, вживаючи модальне дієслово must.
1. Невже вам вже треба йти? 2. Напевно, вона втратила мою адресу. 3. Повинно бути, йде дощ. 4. Ви не повинні робити нотатки в книгах. 5. Вона, мабуть, занадто розбірлива в їжі. 6. Ви, мабуть, дуже голодні. 7. Я повинен визнати, що я неправий. Що ще я повинен зробити? 8. Повинно бути, вони вже закiнчили свою роботу. 9. Ймовірно, це тут. 10. Сьогодні я повинна допомагати мамі. 11. Мабуть, дуже важко вирішувати такі завдання. 12. Ймовірно, він все розповів на суді. 13. Мабуть, він має рацію. 14. Не турбуйся! Це не важливо. – Неважливо! Ти, мабуть, жартуєш!
Вправа 24
Перефразуйте наступні речення, вживаючи модальне дієслово must.
Probably I left my textbook in the classroom. – I must have left my textbook in the classroom.
1. Probably you left your exercise book at school. 2. Evidently there was something wrong with the tape recorder. 3. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 4. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning. 5. He is very old. I think he is nearly eighty. 6. Where are the children? – They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they are having a very good time. 7. Evidently she has left the town. 8. Probably I left my bag in the canteen. 9. I am almost sure they have this book in the library. 10. Probably he was taken there by car. 11. It is probably time to go now. 12. He has probably worked very hard to finish his book. 13. Probably Mike has gone to the teachers’ room. 14. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus.
Вправа 25
Перефразуйте наступні речення, вживаючи модальне дієслово must.
1. Probably he recognized you by your photo in the papers. 2. Probably they have changed the school curriculum. My granddaughter knows a great deal more than I did when I was her age. 3. She is a very experienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 4. Probably Tom and Nick are playing football. 5. Probably Mary forgot to call me. 6. He is sure to be in at this time. 7. It is probably a very difficult rule. 8. Look! Helen’s windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 9. Probably Helen has got a bad mark. 10. Probably mother took my umbrella. 11. Of course, she is trying to help you. 12. I am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place. 13. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the football match. 14. Evidently they have solved the problem.
Вправа 26
Перефразуйте наступні речення, вживаючи модальне дієслово must.
1. Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me. 2. She is certain to be waiting for you at home. 3. You have probably read books of this author before. 4. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their essay. 5. Probably he was already ill. 6. I feel sure they are preparing a surprise for us. 7. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 8. There is little doubt that the first experiment failed. 9. These old legends were probably made up about a thousand years ago. 10. Evidently the meeting was cancelled. 11. No doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 12. It is probably nine o’clock now. 13. Evidently he forgot to send her a birthday card. 14. I am sure she is fond of the child. 15. You have been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry.
Вправа 27
Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи потрібну форму інфінітива.
1. She must (to be) mad if she thinks he is going to lend her more money. 2. You look fresh! You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 3. Your mathematics is very poor. You must (to work) on it in summer. 4. You look very tired. You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 5. They must (to be) upset when they heard the news. 6. Не knows mathematics much better than he did last year. He must (to work) a lot in summer. 7. Where is Peter? – Oh, he must (to read) in the library. He is getting ready for a very difficult exam. 8. You must (to come) and (to visit) us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. 9. You must (to study) English for several years already. Your language is excellent. 10. It’s the third time he’s been playing the piano today. He must really (to enjoy) it. 11. Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must (to snow) at night. 12. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like a snowman. It must (to snow) heavily. 13. Look, what huge snowdrifts there are everywhere, and the path is covered with knee-deep snow. It must (to snow) for several hours already.
Модальнi дієслова – Have to/Have got to
Модальне дієслово have to має такі форми:
Present Indefinite
Розмовне речення
I have to go. – Я повинен йти.
She has to go. – Вона повинна йти.
Заперечне речення
I do not have to go. – Я не повинен йти.
She