Искусство побеждать в спорах (сборник). Артур Шопенгауэр

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Искусство побеждать в спорах (сборник) - Артур Шопенгауэр


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– положение, принимаемое на веру и потому не требующее доказательства.

      8

      Предвосхищение основания (petitio principii) – логическая ошибка в доказательстве, при которой в качестве аргумента приводится суждение, которое само нуждается в обосновании.

      9

      Эротематика – искусство задавать вопросы; эротематический – выраженный в форме вопроса.

      10

      Логическая диверсия – сознательное переключение внимания оппонета на что-либо, не относящееся к предмету спора.

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