Materials for Biomedical Engineering. Mohamed N. Rahaman

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Materials for Biomedical Engineering - Mohamed N. Rahaman


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materials:

       Figures, Tables and Solutions Manual.

Part I General Introduction

      1.1 Introduction

      Source: Modified from Ratner (2013).


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Application Biomaterial Number used per year worldwide (or market in US$)
Skeletal system
Joint replacement (hip; knee; shoulder) Titanium; stainless steel; polyethylene 2.5 million
Bone fixation plates and screws Metals; polylactic acid 1.5 million
Spine repair Titanium; polyether ether ketone; silicon nitride 800 000
Bone cement Polymethylmethacrylate ($600 million)
Bone defect repair Calcium phosphates
Artificial tendon or ligament Polyester fibers
Dental implants Titanium ($4 billion)
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessel prosthesis Dacron; expanded polyethylene 200 000
Heart valve Dacron; carbon; metal; treated natural tissue 400 000
Pacemaker Titanium; polyurethane 600 000
Implantable defibrillator Titanium; polyurethane 300 000
Stents Stainless steel; cobalt–chromium alloy; nickel–titanium alloy 1.5 million
Catheters Teflon; silicone; polyurethane 1 billion ($20 billion)
Organs
Heart assist devices Polyurethane; titanium; stainless steel 4000
Hemodialysis Polysulfone; silicone 1.8 million patients ($70 billion)
Blood oxygenator Silicone 1 million
Skin substitute Collagen; cadaver skin; nylon; silicone ($1 billion)
Ophthalmologic
Contact lens Acrylate, methacrylate and silicone polymers 150 million
Intraocular lens Acrylate and methacrylate polymers 7 million
Corneal bandage lens Hydrogel
Glaucoma drain Silicone; polypropylene ($200 million)
Other
Cochlear prosthesis Platinum; platinum–iridium; silicone 250 000 users
Breast implant Silicone