Active Electrical Distribution Network. Группа авторов
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3 Existing Problems Related to Electrical Distribution Network, Part 2 Technical, Economical, and Environmental
Shilpa Kalambe1, Sanjay Jain2, Bhojraj N. Kale3, and, Ujwala B. Malkhandale4
1Electrical Engineering Department, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering and Research, Nagpur, M.S., India
2Electronics and Electrical Engineering Department, R.K.D.F. University, Bhopal, M.P., India
3Mechanical Engineering Department, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering and Research, Nagpur, M.S., India
4Electrical Engineering Department, Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, M.S., India
3.1 Introduction
The rigorously growing advancements in the technologies and theories discovered for upgrading and updating the performance of a power system have affected the traditionally trailing operating scenario. This ultimately has unveiled many fields for researchers to study and show their skills in bringing back the normal state of the system after incorporating all those theories efficaciously. This era of updating and upgrading has witnessed the increasingly mature distribution system that is systematized as active distribution networks cope with complicated conventional power grids [1–5]. The issues of deleting natural resources, tremendously rising fossil fuel prices, grid security, and economic and environmental concerns have convinced governments around the globe to showcase favorable approaches toward the development of evolving microgrids. Impending microgrids facilitate a high rate of renewable penetration and proved to be significant building blocks of smart grids. Anyone can predict the well-advanced distribution system and will be well acquainted with all the pros and cons of existing issues it is facing. The attention-seeking issues of the distribution system, which certainly require to be addressed for efficient planning and restructuring of it, are as follows:
1 Losses
2 Inadequacy of the traditional distribution system structure to cope with the day-to-day enhancement of the load requirement
3 Deterioration of the grid over the course of time
4 Impact of worsened climatic conditions
5 Reliability of the system
6 Contingency analysis
7 Reverse power flow due to inappropriate allocation of distributed generators
8 Reactive power management
9 Voltage profile management
10 Network restructuring
11 Impacts of distributed generator insertion
12 Grid security
13 Economic operation of the system
14 Stability of the system
All these issues are strongly endorsed by the network operators, economists, and researchers working in the investigations of various parameters that hamper the performance of the power system, outcomes of newly authorized structure insertion, evaluation of load patterns, and their survival through preplanned as well as sudden strategies implemented for improving the system efficiency. This chapter presents a thorough comparative analysis of the state-of-the-art of addressing all these technical as well as non-technical problems relevant to distribution system utility.
3.2 What Is the Distribution System?
The