Segregation. Eric Fong
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the resulting inequality and poor life chances that marginalized groups face in life.
Segregation can have significant effects on the well-being and life chances of residents. Even if segregation occurs in only one aspect of our lives, it can have a ripple effect on other aspects, with subsequent economic, social, and psychological implications. In the latter half of the twentieth century, the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement as well as greater clarity about the negative effects of segregation shifted the framing of segregation to focus on it being undesirable and unacceptable. New scholars also shifted to embrace the possibility of reducing segregation. Views that group differences and prejudice were immutable gave way to hypotheses that social contact could reduce prejudice and forge social integration between groups. This optimistic project in multicultural societies has led to concrete efforts to address segregation (e.g. public housing and urban planning reforms), as well as new efforts to “unpack” what segregation is and how it impedes social integration. For example, understanding the “hard” and “soft” boundaries of segregation that maintain physical and social distance between groups reveals opportunities for addressing the impediments to social integration.
In subsequent chapters, we will examine segregation in different contexts. In addition to a large body of work exploring residential segregation, the concept of segregation has been applied to social relations in different institutions, such as schools and occupational groups. All these studies are important because they provide information about how group relations vary across society and what their consequences are.
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