Wave, Wind, and Current Power Generation. Victor M. Lyatkher
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of Dubki. The rotor diameter is 4 m. NACA ...Fig. 1.22 A 16-kW wind turbine, the village of Dubki (Chirkeyskaya HPP), 1981.Fig. 1.23 A 130-kW orthogonal wind turbine at the Chormozak pass, Tajikistan, 19...Fig. 1.24 A 1,000-kW wind turbine in the village of Beringovskyi (Magadan Region...Fig. 1.25 Turbine with straight blades in the downstream of the Krasnoyarsk HPP ...Fig. 1.26 Single-blade 6-stage turbine (US Patent 8007235). A 160 mm chord, one ...Fig. 1.27 Optimized single-blade turbine.Fig. 1.28 Optimized two-blades turbine.Fig. 1.29 Turbine lowered into the water discharge channel is fixed in a rigid f...Fig. 1.30 Capacity of turbine with L=5.4 m. with different R for water speed U=1...Fig. 1.31 Three-tiered turbine with two (left) or three (right) lobes in each ti...Fig. 1.32 Spiral-blade turbine.Fig. 1.33 Field of average driving wind speed over the Northern Indian ocean for...Fig. 1.34 Average height of significant waves in the Northern Indian ocean for 2...Fig. 1.35 Plan of St Martin island. Red lines – locations power systems. 1-area ...Fig. 1.36 General view of the power unit for high-altitude jet flow in the assem...Fig. 1.37 Cross-section of the rotor. Support 14 fixes the mutual position of th...Fig. 1.38 The profile of the blade with the flap. 1 - the axis of rotation of th...Fig.1.39 Plan of the blade’s way.Fig. 1.40 Two-tier multi-blade wind turbine with counter-movement of the rotors....Fig. 1.41 The wind turbine is going on a pontoon in the dry dock and a float is ...Fig. 1.42 Wind speed (m/s) on different height (m).Fig. 1.43 Wave power unit with an underwater orthogonal turbine.Fig. 1.44 Wave heights (m) as function of period T (sec) for different wind spee...Fig. 1.45 Power of straight blade hydro turbines with length L=5.4m, Blades GAW-...Fig.1.46 Imet complex for economical production of pure hydrogen using membrane ...
2 Chapter 2Fig. 2.1 Modern collinear wind turbine. The axis of rotation (1) is parallel to ...Fig. 2.2 Orthogonal high-speed units with an axis of rotation (1) perpendicular ...Fig. 2.3 Flow diagram in the turbine zone.Fig. 2.4 The efficiency of the power unit CP modeled by a flat permeable plate, ...Fig. 2.5 Turbine efficiency vs. “filtration” speed. GGS model.Fig. 2.6 Pressure factor CD = Cp/s according to the original (1) and modified (2...Fig. 2.7 Efficiency and resistance of an orthogonal turbine with a turbine lengt...Fig. 2.8 Pressure factor on a permeable circular disc. 1 – G. Kh. Sabinin’s mode...Fig. 2.9 An example of the energy characteristics of a high-speed wind turbine w...Fig. 2.10 Same as in Figure 2.9, but in the coordinates of wind speed and a powe...Fig. 2.11 Flow diagram of the power unit blade.Fig. 2.12 Factor of pulling force for NACA 00XX profiles with infinite blade len...Fig. 2.13 Factor of normal force for NACA 00XX profiles with infinite blade leng...Fig. 2.14 NACA 0018.Fig. 2.15 NACA 0015.Fig. 2.16 GAW-1.Fig. 2.17 Characteristics of the best orthogonal and collinear aggregates with a...Fig. 2.18 Efficiency of the Sandia two-blade orthogonal turbine. Shading σ from ...Fig. 2.19 Field tests of collinear units with a diameter of 10 m (top) and 91.4 ...Fig. 2.20 Power of a Darrieus type two-blade orthogonal wind turbine depending o...Fig. 2.21 Tests of an orthogonal wind turbine with straight blades performed at ...Fig. 2.22 Power factor CN of orthogonal turbines vs flow rate. Test results: 1 –...Fig. 2.23 Torques on the turbine axis (Nm) as a function of the angle of the bla...Fig. 2.24 Tidal parameters and power of the tidal power plant as a function of c...
3 Chapter 3Fig. 3.1 Design options for collinear power units.Fig. 3.2 Modern low-speed wind turbine (“American”).Fig. 3.3 The torque factor of the unit is shown in Fig. 3.2.Fig. 3.4 Unit efficiency according to Fig. 3.2.Fig. 3.5Fig. 3.6 Efficiency contours of power generating units, CP, with Espero blades (...Fig. 3.7 Flow diagram of the unit.Fig. 3.8 Dependence of the relative pressure drop across the unit vs the relati...Fig. 3.9 Comparison of the results of calculations (lines) and experiments (poin...Fig. 3.10 Influence of the blade airfoil shape on the turbine efficiency, r0 = 0...Fig. 3.11 Influence of the design of two-blade units. The Espero airfoil, φ0 = 2...Fig. 3.12 Distribution of longitudinal (ux=Ux/U0) and radial (ur=Ur/U0) velociti...Fig. 3.13 The vectors of flow velocities in the plane passing through the unit r...Fig. 3.14 The position of the rotor in front of the tower (upwind) – to the left...Fig. 3.15 Single-blade self-aligning unit.Fig. 3.16 A Vordant hydraulic unit turning downstream by the flow. Power 750 kW ...Fig. 3.17 An AWT turbine behind the support tower, the diameter is 26.2 m, power...Fig. 3.18 A series of Howden optimized wind turbines (England).Fig. 3.19 Mod 5B.Fig. 3.20 Central turbine hall (right) of a high-power wind turbine with shorten...Fig. 3.21 Wind turbines without multipliers, with a central ejection jet and a l...Fig. 3.22 Energy characteristics of two-blade wind turbines with different layou...Fig. 3.23 Largest American wind turbines tested.Fig. 3.24 Control wind turbine without a multiplier with a linear (arc) generato...Fig. 3.25 Open-HydroGroup Hydro Turbine. The diameter of 12m, central hole of D ...Fig. 3.26 Lincoln Electric wind turbine modernization scheme. The dimensions in ...Fig. 3.27 The relative power of prototypes of serial collinear wind turbines is ...Fig. 3.28 Energy received by different wind turbines per unit area of the swept ...Fig. 3.29 Diagram of concentrators including a confuser in front of the impeller...Fig. 3.30 Andreau – Enfield wind turbine system.Fig. 3.31 A wind turbine with cylinders (1) rotated by electric motors (2) fixed...Fig. 3.32 Hydraulic turbine with a Lunar Power concentrator system. The power ca...Fig. 3.33 Results of turbine tests in oblique flow in the presence of a concentr...Fig. 3.34 Anthony Bellve turbines (Crest Energy, Ltd) in the Kaipara Energy Proj...Fig. 3.35 Vortec wind turbines system with diffusers, self-orientated in the win...Fig. 3.36 Wind turbine with a diffuser concentrator. The power capacity is 30 kW...Fig. 3.37 Scheme of a multi-unit wind farm with horizontal units and concentrato...Fig. 3.38 Multi-tiered wind farm between the concentrator houses. Vortec Energy ...Fig. 3.39 Multi-unit wind farm on a support tower. Automatic wind orientation.Fig. 3.40 “Tornado” system for converting the energy of currents. In the air flo...Fig. 3.41 Dome wind farm. Unit 1 is located in the vacuum zone, generator (2) — ...Fig. 3.42 Ejector wind turbine. 1) — accumulator reflector, 2) — concentrator (c...Fig. 3.43 Ejection of air to the walls of the water flow concentrator.Fig. 3.44 Ejector hydroelectric complex with a high-speed wind turbine on a wate...Fig. 3.45 Optimization of the ejector system.Fig. 3.46Fig. 3.47 V90-3 modern wind turbine.Fig. 3.48 NedWind 40.Fig. 3.49 NedWind 25.
4 Chapter 4Fig. 4.1 Orthogonal wind turbines with a vertical axis.Fig. 4.2 Orthogonal hydro turbines with a horizontal axis.Fig. 4.3 Two-blade Sandia-34 turbine. Efficiency Sandia-34 turbine.Fig. 4.4 Commercial sample of the high-speed troposkein wind turbine with a chan...Fig. 4.5 “L-180 Poseidon” according to the Ljungstrom project. Canadian Patent 3...Fig. 4.6 Maximum efficiency of orthogonal power unit depending on the Reynolds c...Fig. 4.7 The efficiency of the wind turbine in the function of the relative velo...Fig. 4.8 Turbine with the same one blades on the radius 0.32 and 0.16 m (points ...Fig. 4.9 Efficiency two-bladed wind turbine with a profile NASA 0018 (1) and NAS...Fig. 4.10 Energy characteristics of the wind turbine with one (1) or two (2) bla...Fig. 4.11 Recommended options for the design of the rotor nominal power of 1 kW ...Fig. 4.12 A 16 kW two-tier wind turbine at the site in Dubki (Dagestan)-on the l...Fig. 4.13 Two-blades orthogonal unit on tests in TSAGI.Fig. 4.14 Capacity at the terminals of the generator 4-blade VAWT (left) and cap...Fig. 4.15