Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage. Группа авторов
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PROPERTIES OF EARTH MATERIALS 16.3. PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY 16.4. MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT 16.5. DATA PROCESSING 16.6. CASE STUDIES 16.7. FUTURE STUDIES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 17 Monitoring of Large‐Scale CO2 Injection Using CSEM, Gravimetric, and Seismic AVO Data 17.1. INTRODUCTION 17.2 FORWARD MODELS 17.3. INVERSE PROBLEM 17.4 NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS 17.5 CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX APPENDIX A REDUCED, SMOOTHED LEVEL‐SET REPRESENTATION APPENDIX B INITIAL ENSEMBLE GENERATION APPENDIX C SAMPLE MEAN AND COVARIANCE MATRIX REFERENCES 18 Self‐Potential Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage 18.1. INTRODUCTION 18.2. MECHANISMS OF SP GENERATION 18.3. ILLUSTRATIVE CALCULATIONS OF SP POSTPROCESSOR 18.4. FIELD OBSERVATIONS 18.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES
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Part IV: Case Studies of Geophysical Monitoring
19 Microseismic Monitoring, Event Location, and Focal Mechanisms at the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois, USA
19.1. INTRODUCTION
19.2. GEOLOGIC SETTING AND SEISMIC HISTORY
19.3. MONITORING
19.4. SUBSURFACE ARRAY CALIBRATION
19.5. EVENT CHARACTERIZATION
19.6. MODEL INTEGRATION
19.7. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
20 Associated Storage With Enhanced Oil Recovery
20.1. INTRODUCTION
20.2. METHODS
20.3. SITE CHARACTERIZATION
20.4. MVA
20.5. SIMULATION AND MODELING
20.6. RISK ASSESSMENT
20.7. CO2 ACCOUNTING AND IMPACT TO OIL RECOVERY
20.8. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
DISCLAIMER
REFERENCES
21 Testing Geophysical Methods for Assessing CO2 Migration at the SECARB Early Test, Cranfield, Mississippi, USA
21.1. INTRODUCTION
21.2. METHODS
21.3. RESULTS
21.4. DISCUSSION
21.5. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
22 Toward Quantitative CO2 Monitoring at Sleipner, Norway
22.1. INTRODUCTION
22.2. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND MODELS
22.3. METHODOLOGY
22.4. SLEIPNER CASE STUDY
22.5. DISCUSSION
22.6. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
23 Geophysical Monitoring of CO2 Injection at Ketzin, Germany
23.1. INTRODUCTION
23.2. KETZIN SITE GEOLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION
23.3. CO2 INJECTION OPERATION
23.4. PETROPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
23.5. GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING
23.6. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
23.7. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
24 Geophysical Monitoring Techniques
24.1. SUMMARY OF ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
24.2.