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      ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORK FOR CLOUD COMPUTING

      SOUVIK PAL¹, DAC-NHUONG LE², PRASANT KUMAR PATTNAIK³

      ¹ Sister Nivedita University, Kolkata, India

      ² Haiphong University, Haiphong, Vietnam

      ³ KIIT, Deemed to be University, India

      Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

       Abstract

      Cloud is an internet-based concept that tries to hide its underlying complexity from end users. Cloud service providers (CSPs) use many structural designs combined with selfservice capabilities and ready-to-use facilities for computing resources, which are enabled through network infrastructure, especially in the internet, which is an important consideration. This chapter elaborately describes an efficient architectural framework for cloud computing that may lead to better performance and faster access.

      This chapter focuses on the architectural framework along with the economic reasons like minimum investment on infrastructure, no need to assemble and maintain a largescale system, low computing costs and no need for employee investments. Due to these economic advantages, clients benefit from minimizing the execution time of user applications, including data-intensive and compute-intensive applications. Moreover, the application developers can get an interface or platform where they can derive pleasure from the use of immediate and ready-made infrastructure and can feel free to design the related applications without any overhead in terms of where the application will be executed.

From a business point of view, cloud computing has a great advantage of reducing setup cost for service providers. Cloud service providers set up the cloud infrastructure, including bare metal hardware resources, system and computing resources in the primary level. And after that they are able to provide the services to the clients according their requirements. On the other side, the cloud users get the services from the providers without setting up any cloud infrastructure and also without making any investments in that particular service; only they have to provide the payment according to their usage.

      The aim of cloud computing is to make the relation easy between the clients and providers. Hence, a good cloud architectural framework is needed so that the clients can easily deploy their application on the cloud platform and get the chance to design and test their applications. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the cloud framework where multiple users can get cloud service from the providers and also can deploy their application on the cloud platform irrespective of which operating system they are using. The main hold of cloud computing is the ability to use several servers according to the requirements of the users to provide an optimal response to the cost and time constraints of an application. It can be possible when the workload can be divided into different data centers using the virtual machines discussed in this chapter.

      Keywords: Cloud service providers, service-oriented architecture, virtual machine

3.1 Challenges of Cloud Computing Environment

      Cloud computing presents itself as a good servant to the end user, but it has some challenges and issues.

      In the real-time system, it is too difficult to isolate the performance of the virtual machines, especially if the system is highly loaded. If the performance of virtual machines cannot be determined, cloud designers won’t be able to distribute the workload among the several data centers.

      Cloud computing involves shared networks, fluctuations in bandwidth and various topologies. Due to these constraints, cloud computing infrastructure reveals latency while transferring the data from one virtual machine to another. Therefore, it affects the performance of the deployed applications.

      Security issues are also issues of cloud computing. It’s very risky to put all the data of an organization in the hands of a cloud provider and running an application in another place is also at risky. A common problem is the threat of data loss due to a phishing attack. Therefore, privacy and reliability should be maintained during transportation and storage of the data. Cloud is made for sharing the workload in a common infrastructure and users have to rely on the cloud provider for their identity information, operation histories and perceptive data. Cloud is not responsible for unauthorized usage and its retrieval, lack of user administration and third-party access. From a piracy aspect, there is a pool of resources and millions of software applications and services being run publicly. So it’s very easy to pirate floating data from all those things and use it in an unauthorized way without any identification and authentication. It irritates a customer when CSPs promise to deliver a service but due to over-utilization are not able to meet their needs. Internet latency is also a drawback of cloud computing, which hampers the CSPs ability to deliver services on time. In regard to auditing, in a particular service or application, the CSP and the end user have the authoritative control over the data. CSP has the authority to replicate, shift and alter the data. That’s why the clients need to keep watch over all those activities so that the CSP can’t act beyond its domain. But it is not practical to audit all the data and also complicated to decide which data needs to be audited [1]. Moreover, multi-tenancy is also a problem if the number of applications running on a particular node is going to increase, in which case the bandwidth allocated to each application decreases, which means that the number of applications and allocated bandwidth is inversely proportional. This reduces the performance of the system.

3.2 Architectural Framework for Cloud Computing

      Cloud computing involves request-response communication between the clients