Беларусь. Полная история страны. Вадим Кунцевич

Читать онлайн книгу.

Беларусь. Полная история страны - Вадим Кунцевич


Скачать книгу
Бог живет!»

      Так говорит простой народ.

      То подтвердит роса в траве

      И вечный звезд круговорот.

      Здесь и далее, за исключением оговоренных случаев, перевод автора.

      2

      В скобках приводятся даты по ныне принятому григорианскому календарю.

      3

      НАН – Национальная академия наук.

      4

      В современном латышском языке krievu означает «русский».

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
Скачать книгу