Стихи для взрослых. Нина Петрова

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Стихи для взрослых - Нина Петрова


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the study of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts. Examination of the structures of various animal species is referred to as comparative anatomy.

       Physiology – the study of the normal functions and activities of organisms.

       Pathology – the study of the causes and effects of diseases or injury.

       Embryology – the study of the origin and development of an individual organism. It begins after conception, or fertilization of the egg, and continues through parturition, or birth.

       Histology – the microscopic study of the minute structure, composition, and function of cells and tissues.

       Biology – the study of all forms of life.

      The animal’s body is composed of different systems. A system is a combination of organs that performs a particular function. The systems of the body and their functions are listed below.

       Musculoskeletal system – includes all the muscles, bones, and joints. It permits motion and movement of the body.

       Integumentary system – includes skin, hair, nails, sweat, and sebaceous glands. The skin is considered the largest organ in the body and has many functions. It covers and protects the body, aids in temperature regulation, and has functions in sensation and excretion.

       Cardiovascular system – includes the heart and blood vessels. The main function is to transport the blood to the body.

       Respiratory system – includes the mouth, nose, trachea, and lungs. It is responsible for absorbing oxygen and discharging carbon dioxide. It also aids in regulating body temperature.

       Digestive system – includes the mouth, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, colon, liver, and gallbladder. Its function is to digest and absorb food and excrete wastes.

       Urogenital system – includes the kidneys, urinary bladder, genitals, ureters, and urethra. It provides for reproduction and urine excretion.

       Endocrine system – includes the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, and parathyroid glands. These glands are responsible for manufacturing hormones.

       Nervous system – includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. With the special senses, it processes stimuli and enables the body to act and respond.

      Source: Courtesy of Dr Lori Renda‐Francis, LVT.

      Anterior portion

      Posterior portion

      Middle portion

Photo depicts external anatomy, anterior portion.

      Source: Courtesy of Dr Lori Renda‐Francis, LVT.

Photo depicts external anatomy, posterior portion.

      Source: Courtesy of Dr Lori Renda‐Francis, LVT.

Photo depicts external anatomy, middle portion.

      source: Courtesy of Dr Lori Renda‐Francis, LVT.

      While veterinary assistants do not perform venipuncture techniques, they do have a significant role in assisting the veterinarian or veterinary technician in successful collection. The main role of the veterinary assistant during venipuncture is to properly restrain the animal for the procedure. Therefore, it is important for the veterinary assistant to know which veins are commonly used and where they are located and to be able to describe them using correct anatomical terminology.


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