Intelligent transport systems development. Vadim Shmal
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transmission system is being tested over ground communication channels. This will allow you to work out, check and confirm the characteristics of the information generated by the SDCM, without waiting for the launch of the Luch spacecraft.
The commissioning of the SDCM significantly increases the accuracy of navigation definitions. So, if the accuracy of determining the coordinates by the consumer in units of meters is provided in offline mode, then when using information about the SDCM, the accuracy reaches a centimeter level.
In addition, the SDKM will allow solving the tasks of monitoring road transport, drivers’ compliance with traffic rules, boarding and disembarking passengers of a public transport port in designated places. With the help of SDCM, the tasks of monitoring the location of railway trains on adjacent tracks, optimizing the management of shunting locomotives in the areas of marshalling yards and railway junctions will also be solved at a new qualitative level.
For water transport, the SDCM will simplify the solution of the tasks of pilotage of ships, accurate and prompt installation of signs of the navigable situation. With the help of SDCM, the tasks of automating the landing of air transport will be solved. SDCM information will also be in demand for monitoring the processing of the roadway, accurate and operational linking of construction sites in absolute coordinate systems, monitoring and control of the condition of complex engineering structures.
The combine use of information systems and navigation technologies will make it possible to effectively solve the tasks of monitoring facilities and resources to improve the quality of life of the population, ensure high rates of economic growth and competitiveness of the national economy, create potential for future development, increase the level of defense capability and security of the state.
One of the most popular areas of satellite positioning is the monitoring of mobile objects, such as vehicles, people with physical and age disabilities, children.
Being important elements of ITS, vehicle monitoring systems can improve the quality of public transport services, the safety of passenger and cargo transportation, the efficiency of transport management, control fuel consumption, technical parameters of special equipment, cargo safety, etc. Practice shows that the use of such systems at the enterprise increases the efficiency of using vehicles by 10—40%.
According to statistics, more than 1 million people per year die as a result of road accidents in the world. In this regard, JSC «Russian Space Systems» submitted to the Commission for Modernization and Technological Development of the Economy under the President of the Russian Federation the project Emergency Response System in case of accidents «ERA-GLONASS», aimed at reducing the severity of the consequences of road accidents. A similar system is already being developed and implemented in the European Union. Thanks to the equipment of the vehicle with automated navigation terminals of domestic production, transmitting emergency response services information about the accident, including the coordinates of the vehicle, the time interval between the incident and the provision of assistance to victims is reduced.
Systems where the objects of monitoring are technical means should also include monitoring systems for small aircraft. Their use will make it possible to obtain a significant economic effect, but most importantly, it will contribute to saving human lives and radically reducing financial costs in the aftermath of plane crashes.
To determine the displacements of structural elements, high-precision monitoring of the displacements of engineering structures (HMDES) using GLONASS signals is used. The HMDES program allows you to determine offsets with millimeter accuracy. Based on the data obtained, an analysis is carried out and, if necessary, a decision is made on emergency measures to prevent an emergency situation or evacuation of the population. In addition, the system of high-precision monitoring of displacements of engineering structures can be used to monitor displacements of the Earth’s crust and tectonic processes.
There are many examples of using satellite navigation technologies to improve the efficiency of almost all modes of transport, each of which develops its own corporate information systems aimed at solving internal problems. Unfortunately, the lack of unification during their creation and implementation made these systems autonomous, excluding intersystem interaction and centralized management.
In our opinion, the most expedient way to solve the unification problem is to develop a system of standards that, on the one hand, would allow each application to have its own optimal solutions and communication channels, and on the other – unified network protocols. This would make it possible to serve various modes of transport and ensure efficient intermodal transportation within a single information infrastructure.
In addition, today there is a need to create a unified transport system of a new generation. Regional navigation and information systems (RNIS) based on GLONASS technologies should be used as its basis. For the first time the concept of RNIS was introduced by JSC «Russian Space Systems» in 2003 when creating a Regional navigation and Information System of the Yaroslavl region.
The priority areas of the ITS concept in Russia include:
■ consolidation of resources, technologies and qualified personnel in the field of navigation and transport telematics;
■ introduction of ITS in large cities, development of the federal road network and construction of toll roads with mandatory deployment of modern ITS components;
■ formation of international transport corridors harmonized with European ITS standards.
Integration into international intelligent transport systems will allow creating a unified, highly needed harmonized global ITS for consumers, which will increase the competitiveness and economic efficiency of the Russian transport sector, the safety of freight and passenger transportation.
2.3 Development of intelligent train operation management technologies
The national transport policy of many developed countries is currently based on the development and promotion of intelligent transport systems (ITS). They are considered as an effective means of solving urgent problems of the transport industry, such as an unacceptable level of human losses as a result of transport accidents, delays in the turnover of passengers and cargo, insufficiently high productivity of the transport system, increased energy consumption, negative impact on the environment, etc. In addition, ITS is an incentive for the development of a number of industries and new innovative technologies. The latter include technologies for the creation of intelligent control and monitoring systems, the creation of new transport systems and their management, the production of nanomaterials, the creation of energy-saving systems for transportation, distribution and consumption of heat and electricity in the field of railway transport, processing, storage, transmission and protection of information, software production, risk reduction and reduction of the consequences of natural and man-made disasters, etc.
A nationwide ITS program is being developed in Russia, which can become an effective tool for implementing the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. In particular, the Federal Law «Intelligent Transport System of the Russian Federation» is currently being discussed. In the draft of this law, the intelligent transport system is defined as an integral part of the infrastructure of the transport complex, implementing the functions of automated management, information, accounting and control to ensure the legal, financial, technological and information needs of participants in the transport process, as well as meeting the requirements of transport, information and economic security of society. As follows from this definition, it is assumed that the system integration of modern information and communication technologies and automation tools into the transport infrastructure, vehicles in order to improve the safety and efficiency of transport processes. In relation to railway transport, the development of ITS is defined by such a directive document as the Strategy for the Development of Railway Transport in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030.
2.4 Goals and objectives of ITS creating in railway