The Paths of Russian Love. Part III – The Torn Age. Yury Tomin
Читать онлайн книгу.of Gorky’s heroes traces of suggestion of the «fathers of romanticism.»
So we will not find in Gorky apt sketches about Russian love? Not quite so. Let’s pay attention to what overlooked the sharp eye of the French critic. The sizzling love stories of Old Lady Izergil – all dramas and tragedies – are listened to by a Russian guy, young and strong, but «gloomy as a demon.» The local Moldavian girls are afraid of him, he is alien to their merry round dances, and the old woman stigmatizes all Russian men in his person as «born old men.»
Makar Chudra tells the ultimate drama of gypsy love to a young man traveling the world to learn about life. And this Russian young man seeking knowledge about life and love discovers that there are two worlds: in one, they think about life, study and teach others, but live like slaves, and in the other they do not ask questions about what they live for and why they love, but rejoice in life, spreading the wings of their free will like a bird over the steppe expanses. Then it becomes clear to us: what the young Peshkov discovers in his wanderings and then describes in highly artistic stories, was originally in his soul, that in the sweet, dizzying experiences of early love he had already encountered these two worlds – in their own way alien and frightening abysses.
What choice could there be for a «healthy young man, fond of dreaming of good things,» eager to get out of everything «slowly and foully simmering around him,» but entangled in the «feverish activity of thought»? His motive for suicide at the age of nineteen, Gorky twenty-five years later tried to explain in the story An incident in the life of Makar, where the hero felt in love with two cheerful, lively, intelligent girls who could, by saying «a tender word,» relieve him of «loneliness, longing.» He believes that «no one needs me and I do not need anyone, and, having prepared a revolver, glances at the portraits of the rulers of his innermost thoughts, incompatible with a dull life: the fighter for the happiness of people, the socialist Robert Owen, the famous beauty and mistress of the Parisian salon in revolutionary France Julia Recamier and sharp literary critic Belinsky with a «prickly, bird-like face2.»
In 1889, two years after the failed suicide, Gorky, still self-seeking, but having already begun to write, met «a slender girl with bluish eyes,» who would tell him the right affectionate woman’s word. Olga Kamenskaya was ten years older than Gorky, had already been married and lived in Paris. He fell in love with her, but she, also having a tender feeling for him, did not decide to immediately leave the «helpless» spouse. More than two years later, they accidentally happened to be in Tiflis, explained themselves and began a new life together. Being already an experienced fifty-year-old writer, in 1922 Gorky published a story about his short-lived first love. This masterful work combines filigree artistic expression and a deep understanding of the driving forces and laws of love.
Maxim Gorky (1868—1936)
Initially, Gorky discovers love in himself as a «romantic dream,» as
something unknown, and it conceals a high, secret meaning of communication with a woman, something great, joyful and even terrible lurks behind the first embrace – having experienced this joy, a man is completely reborn.
This romantic dream is connected not so much with the external attractiveness of the beloved, but with the thirst for transformation of the lover himself and the feeling of the presence of the necessary supports and energies in love. The young Gorky was sure that
this woman is able to help me not only to feel the real me, but she can do something magical, after which I immediately free myself from the captivity of dark impressions of existence, something forever thrown out of my soul, and it will burst into flames of great power, great joy.
She knew much more about love and told him about her time at the institute, how Tsar Alexander II came to them and «beautiful girls disappeared, going hunting with the Tsar,» about Paris, about «the romances that she herself had experienced.»
Once she expressed a comparison between the Russians and the French in love:
A Russian in love is always somewhat verbose and heavy, and often disgusted by eloquence. Only the French know how to love beautifully; for them love is almost a religion —
which prompted him to look back on his love manners.
When one day «in the bluish light of the moon» she learned of the pure romantic fold of his soul, she stated with tears and deep regret that she had made a mistake and now understood that «she is not what he needs, not that!» And this cannot be corrected, since she has long since ceased to be a girl.
Gorky’s romantic dream also included the desire to arouse in his beloved woman «a thirst for freedom, beauty.» He tried to express this idea in the story Old Lady Izergil and, when he saw that the «closest» to him woman «firmly asleep», interrupted reading and thought… Gorky realized that even his powerful, like a bell, love is unable to change, or rather, to return what she herself considered irretrievably lost: «the dream of heavenly bliss of love.»
It seems unlikely the restrained and ironic attitude of the young Gorky to his wife’s coquetry, her «striving to shake up men» and the gossip spread about her, depicted in the story of his first love, which is peculiar rather to the view of an already aged author, but it vividly highlights his main suffering – that she could tell another his deepest «feelings, thoughts and conjectures, which you tell only to the woman you love and will not tell anyone else». He also began to feel that the love that had been the support of his innermost life path – literary creativity – was now, in its non-ideal incarnation, knocking him down; this absolute love could not absorb or transform what was rejected, and they, «after a little silent sadness,» parted.
In this autobiographical story we can also find a third component of Gorky’s feelings of love – a «romantic dream» associated with the peculiarity of his nature, manifested in the unbearableness of human suffering, especially when it is associated with violence and insults, which «threw him out of life». For Gorky, this was an internal «litmus test», a tuning fork of kinship of souls. When he discovered deep-rooted spiritual callousness in his loved ones, something broke off in his own soul, and he became cold to them. He cites the case of how his first love exposed her inability to share compassion for a one-eyed old Jewish man who had been humiliatingly beaten by a policeman, imagining a picture of inhuman abuse painted with «anguish and anger» and concluding that her husband was too impressionable and had «bad nerves.» To this we can add that, according to the testimony of the daughter of Gorky’s second common-law wife, Maria Andreyeva, a sharp «divergence of political opinions» regarding the rejection of repression and bloody massacre of the Bolsheviks against their apparent and fictitious political enemies, was one of the reasons for the breakup of passionately begun, cemented by friendship and joint work sixteen-year relationship.
At the conclusion of the story Gorky, respectfully calling Olga Kamenskaya а glorious, «real woman», explains how this was expressed. A real woman of Gorky liked it when he, «barely touching the skin of her face with his fingers, smoothed out the slightly noticeable wrinkles under her lovely eyes»; «loved her body and, naked, standing in front of the mirror, admired»; was «restlessly cheerful by nature, witty, flexible, like a snake»; never once complained about the difficult conditions of life; «could sew beautifully» and dress up; was original in her interest in people, believing that «suddenly there is something stored there that is not visible to anyone, never shown, only I alone – and I am the first – will see it».
In the story On First Love Gorky also touches on the rather acute issue of the appropriateness of «talking about love», on which, as a rule, extremely opposite points of view are expressed. Gorky’s «Parisienne» was burdened by the verbosity of her Russian admirers, and «taught» him not to philosophize too
2
A little more than ten years later, Gorky will become world famous, will take a lifetime companion well-known Moscow beauty, actress Maria Andreeva, befriends Lenin, and even the harshest literary critics recognize his writing talent.