Всё решено: Жизнь без свободы воли. Роберт Сапольски

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Всё решено: Жизнь без свободы воли - Роберт Сапольски


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Psychology, vol. 4, Free Will and Moral Responsibility, ed. W. Sinnott-Armstrong.

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      R. Nisbett & T. Wilson, "Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes," Psychological Review 84 (1977): 231.

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      К сноске: J. McHugh and P. Mackowiak, "Death in the White House: President William Henry Harrison's Atypical Pneumonia," Clinical Infectious Diseases 59 (2014): 990. Врач Гаррисона лечил его множеством лекарств, которые, вероятно, ускорили его смерть. Он давал ему опиум, который, как известно опиумным наркоманам, вызывает сильные запоры, позволяя тифозным бактериям задерживаться в организме и активно размножаться. Ему также давали углекислую щелочь, которая, вероятно, ослабляла способность желудочных кислот убивать бактерии. И просто так, без видимой причины, ему в больших количествах давали ртуть, которая, как известно, нейротоксична. Макхью и Маковяк убедительно доказывают, что кишечное расстройство, вызванное загрязненной водой, серьезно повредило здоровью президента Джеймса Полка и убило президента Закари Тейлора во время пребывания в должности.

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      Первая публикация данных Либета: "Time of Conscious Intention to Act in Relation to Onset of Cerebral Activity (Readiness-Potential): The Unconscious Initiation of a Freely Voluntary Act," Brain: A Journal of Neurology 106 (1983): 623; «Печально известное»: E. Nahmias, "Intuitions about Free Will, Determinism, and Bypassing," The Oxford Handbook of Free Will, 2nd ed., ed. R. Kane (Oxford University Press, 2011).

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      P. Sanford et al., "Libet's Intention Reports Are Invalid: A Replication of Dominik et al. (2017)," Consciousness and Cognition 77 (2020): 102836. Эта статья стала ответом на более раннюю: T. Dominik et al., "Libet's Experiment: Questioning the Validity of Measuring the Urge to Move," Consciousness and Cognition 49 (2017): 255. СМИ об эксперименте Либета: E. Racine et al., "Media Portrayal of a Landmark Neuroscience Experiment on Free Will," Science Engineering Ethics 23 (2007): 989.

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      P. Haggard, "Decision Time for Free Will," Neuron 69 (2011): 404; P. Haggard & M. Eimer, "On the Relation between Brain Potentials and the Awareness of Voluntary Movements," Experimental Brain Research 126 (1999): 128.

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      J.-D. Haynes, "The Neural Code for Intentions in the Human Brain," Bioprediction, Biomarkers, and Bad Behavior, ed. I. Singh & W. Sinnott-Armstrong (Oxford University Press, 2013); S. Bode & J. Haynes, "Decoding Sequential Stages of Task Preparation in the Human Brain," Neuroimage 45 (2009): 606; S. Bode et al., "Tracking the Unconscious Generation of Free Decisions Using Ultra-high Field fMRI," PLoS One 6, № 6 (2011): e21612; C. Soon et al., "Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain," Nature Neuroscience 11 (2008): 543.

      К сноске: ДМО как «порт»: R. Sjöberg, "Free Will and Neurosurgical Resections of the Supplementary Motor Area: A Critical Review," Acta Neurochirgica 163 (2021): 1229.

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      I. Fried, R. Mukamel, & G. Kreiman, "Internally Generated Preactivation of Single Neurons in Human Medial Frontal Cortex Predicts Volition," Neuron 69 (2011): 548; I. Fried, "Neurons as Will and Representation," Nature Reviews Neuroscience 23 (2022): 104; H. Gelbard-Sagiv et al., "Internally Generated Reactivation of Single Neurons in Human Hippocampus during Free Recall," Science 322 (2008): 96.

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      Задержка звонка: W. Banks & E. Isham, "We Infer Rather Than Perceive the Moment We Decided to Act," Psychological Science 20 (2009): 17. Как ощущение счастья влияет на потенциал готовности: D. Rigoni, J. Demanet, & G. Sartori, "Happiness in Action: The Impact of Positive Affect on the Time of the Conscious Intention to Act," Frontiers in Psychology 6 (2015): 1307. См. также H. Lau et al., "Attention to Intention," Science 303 (2004): 1208.

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      M. Desmurget et al., "Movement Intention after Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans," Science 324 (2009): 811.

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      Синдром анархической руки: C. Marchetti & S. Della Sala, "Disentangling the Alien and Anarchic Hand," Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 3 (1998): 191; S. Della Sala, C. Marchetti, & H. Spinnler, "Right-Sided Anarchic (Alien) Hand: A Longitudinal Study," Neuropsychologia 29 (1991): 1113.

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      Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция: J. Brasil-Neto et al., "Focal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Response Bias in a Forced-Choice Task," Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 55 (1992): 964. Фокусники: A. Pailhes & G. Kuhn, "Mind Control Tricks: Magicians' Forcing and Free Will," Trends in Cognitive Sciences 25 (2021): 338; H. Kelley, "Magic Tricks: The Management of Causal Attributions," Perspectives on Attribution Research and Theory: The Bielefeld Symposium, ed. D. Gorlitz (Ballinger, 1980).

      К сноске: D. Knoch et al., "Diminishing Reciprocal Fairness by Disrupting the Right Prefrontal Cortex," Science 314 (2006): 829.

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      D. Wegner, The Illusion of Conscious Will (MIT Press, 2002).

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      К сноске: P. Tse, "Two Types of Libertarian Free Will Are Realized in the Human Brain," Neuroexistentialism, ed. G. Caruso (Oxford University Press, 2017).

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      Статья Либета: B. Libet, "Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action," Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1985): 529. Критика Либета: R. Doty, "The Time Course of Conscious Processing: Vetoes by the Uninformed?," Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1985): 541; C. Wood, "Pardon, Your Dualism Is Showing," Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1985): 557; G. Wasserman, "Neural/Mental Chronometry and Chronotheology," Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1985): 556.

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      M. Vargas, "Reconsidering Scientific Threats to Free Will," Moral Psychology, vol. 4, Free Will and Moral Responsibility, ed. W. Sinnott-Armstrong (MIT Press, 2014).

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      Обе


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