Власть привычки. Почему мы живем и работаем именно так, а не иначе. Чарлз Дахигг
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Business History Review 78 (2004): 29–60; James L. Gutmann, “The Evolution of America’s Scientific Advancements in Dentistry in the Past 150 Years”, The Journal of the American Dental Association 140 (2009): 8–15; Domenick T. Zero et al., “The Biology, Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Caries: Scientific Advances in the United States”, The Journal of the American Dental Association 140 (2009): 25–34; Alyssa Picard, Making of the American Mouth: Dentists and Public Health in the Twentieth Century (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2009); S. Fischman, “The History of Oral Hygiene Products: How Far Have We Come in 6,000 Years?” Periodontology 2000 15 (1997): 7–14; Vincent Vinikas, Soft Soap, Hard Sell: American Hygiene in the Age of Advertisement (Ames: University of Iowa Press, 1992).
31
H. A. Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988); Scott Swank, Paradox of Plenty: The Social History of Eating in Modern America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).
32
Alyssa Picard, Making of the American Mouth: Dentists and Public Health in the Twentieth Century (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2009).
33
Более подробную информацию о рекламе зубной пасты знаменитостями см.: Steve Craig, “The More They Listen, the More They Buy: Radio and the Modernizing of Rural America, 1930–1939”, Agricultural History 80 (2006): 1–16.
34
Kerry Seagrave, America Brushes Up: The Use and Marketing of Toothpaste and Toothbrushes in the Twentieth Century (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2010); Alys Eve Weinbaum, et al., The Modern Girl Around the World: Consumption, Modernity, and Globalization (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2008), 28–30.
35
Scripps-Howard, Market Records, from a Home Inventory Study of Buying Habits and Brand Preferences of Consumers in Sixteen Cities (New York: Scripps-Howard Newspapers, 1938).
36
C. McGaughey & E. C. Stowell, “The Adsorption of Human Salivary Proteins and Porcine Submaxillary Mucin by Hydroxyapatite”, Archives of Oral Biology 12, № 7 (1967): 815–28; Won-Kyu Park et al., “Influences of Animal Mucins on Lysozyme Activity in Solution and on Hydroxyapatite Surface”, Archives of Oral Biology 51, № 10 (2006): 861–69.
37
William J. Gies, “Experimental Studies of the Validity of Advertised Claims for Products of Public Importance in Relation to Oral Hygiene or Dental Therapeutics”, Journal of Dental Research 2 (09/1920): 511–29.
38
Не могу не выразить благодарность университету Дьюка за оцифрованную коллекцию рекламных роликов.
39
Kerry Seagrave, America Brushes Up: The Use and Marketing of Toothpaste and Toothbrushes in the Twentieth Century (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2010); Jeffrey L. Cruikshank & Arthur W. Schultz, The Man Who Sold America: The Amazing (but True!) Story of Albert D. Lasker and the Creation of the Advertising Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business Press, 2010), 268–81.
40
В конце концов «Pepsodent» обошла паста «Crest», содержащая фторид – компонент, который на самом деле позволял эффективно бороться с кариесом.
41
Peter Miskell, “Cavity Protection or Cosmetic Perfection: Innovation and Marketing of Toothpaste Brands in the United States and Western Europe, 1955–1985”, Business History Review 78 (2004): 29–60.
42
H. Aarts, T. Paulussen, & H. Schaalma, “Physical Exercise Habit: On the Conceptualization and Formation of Habitual Health Behaviours”, Health Education Research 3 (1997): 363–74.
43
Krystina A. Finlay, David Trafimow, & Aimee Villarreal, “Predicting Exercise and Health Behavioral Intentions: Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Other Behavioral Determinants”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32 (2002): 342–56.
44
Tara Parker-Pope, “P&G Targets Textiles Tide Can’t Clean”, The Wall Street Journal, April 29, 1998.
45
Peter Sander & John Slatter, The 100 Best Stocks You Can Buy (Avon, Mass.: Adams Business, 2009), 294.
46
Сведения о «Febreze» почерпнуты из различных интервью и статей, в том числе: “Procter & Gamble – Jager’s Gamble”, The Economist, 28/10/1999; Christine Bittar, “P&G’s Monumental Repackaging Project”, Brandweek, 03/2000, 40–52; Jack Neff, “Does P&G Still Matter?” Advertising Age 71 (2000): 48–56; Roderick E. White & Ken Mark, “Procter & Gamble Canada: The Febreze Decision”, Ivey School of Business, London, Ontario, 2001. На просьбу прокомментировать материал, изложенный в настоящей главе, компания «Procter & Gamble» ответила следующее: «“P&G” обязана обеспечивать конфиденциальность данных, предоставленных клиентами. К сожалению, мы не можем ни опровергнуть, ни подтвердить информацию, полученную вами из внешних источников».
47
Christine Bittar, “Freshbreeze at P&G”, Brandweek, 10/1999.
48
Ассоциация американских ветеринаров, статистика рыночного исследования 2001 г.
49
A. J. Lafley & Ram Charan, The Game Changer: How You Can Drive Revenue and Profit Growth with Innovation (New York: Crown Business, 2008).
50
Более подробно об исследованиях Вольфрама Шульца см.: “Behavioral Theories and the Neurophysiology of Reward”, Annual Review of Psychology 57 (2006): 87–115; Wolfram Schultz, Peter Dayan, & P. Read Montague, “A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward”, Science 275 (1997): 1593–99; Wolfram Schultz, “Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons”, Journal of Neurophysiology 80 (1998): 1–27; L. Tremblya & Wolfram Schultz, “Relative Reward Preference