Marketing and Pricing. Valery Bondarenko

Читать онлайн книгу.

Marketing and Pricing - Valery Bondarenko


Скачать книгу
and distribution of the set time reliable information necessary for the preparation and making marketing decisions. It is sometimes said that the MIS is a way of thinking through solutions to find the necessary managers frames marketing information. It is recognized that the leaders and specialists of marketing are in need of specific information and the methods of its receipt. Thus, the MIS – is a conceptual system that helps to solve the problem of how marketing and objectives strategic planning.

      The scheme of a marketing information system is as follows:

      Marketing Information System

      According to Philip Kotler, the four components that comprise the MIS are Internal Reports (Records) System, Marketing Research System, Marketing Intelligence System, and Marketing Decision Support System.

      1.Internal Records: It records various data from different department of a company, which is regarded as a major source of information.

      2.Marketing Intelligence System: It is a main source used by managers for gaining daily information of the external environment, hence assists the managers to react to the changing rapidly.

      3.Marketing Research System: It is used to collect primary and secondary data, and displays the results in forms of reports.

      4.Marketing Decision Support System: Compared to the supply of the data by the three previous systems, it focuses more on processing the data.

      MIS transforms data from internal and external sources into information necessary for managers and professionals’ marketing services. MIS distributes information to managers and specialists of marketing services, taking appropriate decisions. In addition, ISI, interacting with other automated systems in the enterprise, delivers the right information managers of other services enterprises. Internal information contains data on orders for products, sales, shipment of goods, the level of reserves, the payment of shipped products. Data from external sources are obtained on the basis of market intelligence and market research.

      Marketing intelligence is a constant effort to collect the current information about changing marketing environment necessary for the development and adjustment of marketing plans. While inside information focuses on the results obtained, maketing intelligence explores what might happen in the environment.

      The sources of the current external information can be of different nature, for her collection formal and informal procedures are used. Such information is obtained through the study of books, magazines, trade publications, reports of competing firms, as a result of conversations with customers, suppliers, distributors and other external to the organization of parties, which should be effectively motivated on the collection and provision of the necessary information; based on conversations with other managers and employees, for example, employees of marketing services of the organization, through industrial and commercial espionage (although in many foreign books written about the ethical issues of marketing research).

      Primary information is generated in the process of data collection methods to address a specific problem. It is necessary when secondary data are insufficient in terms of their completeness and values.

      Secondary information is the data obtained from the accounting and statistical reporting, special publications, directories, i.e. information collected for another purpose.

      2. The essence of marketing research

      Market research presupposes the collection and analysis of data on specific marketing situations with which the company has faced in the market. Such activities are carried out periodically, rather than continuously, as soon as certain problems on the basis of the use of special methods for collecting and processing the data collected.

      Depending on the nature and purpose of market research three relevant areas are identified (exploratory, descriptive and casual). Any such direction includes certain methods of collecting and analyzing marketing information.

      Exploratory research is a marketing research conducted to gather preliminary information needed for a better definition of the problems and put forward suggestions (hypotheses), in which implementation of marketing activities, as well as clarifying the terminology and setting priorities among the tasks of research is expected.

      Descriptive research is a marketing research aimed to describe marketing problems, situations, markets, for example, the demographic situation, consumers’ attitudes toward the company’s products.

      Causal research is a market research conducted to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships.

      Under the experimental research is meant collecting primary data by selecting the same type of groups surveyed, the issuance of different tasks, monitor the factors that affect the results and comparison of the differences in group responses.

      Marketing research process includes the following steps and procedures:

      1. Defining the problem and research purposes.

      1.1. Determining the need for market research.

      1.2. Problem definition and formulation of marketing research purposes.

      2. The development of the research plan.

      2.1. The choice of methods of marketing research.

      2.2. Determining the type of information required and the sources of its receipt.

      2.3. Determination of methods of collecting the necessary data.

      2.4. Development of a questionnaire to collect data.

      2.5. Development of sampling plan and determination of sample size.

      3. The implementation of the research plan.

      3.1. Data collection.

      3.2. The analysis of the data.

      4. Interpretation of the results and bring them to the leadership (preparation and presentation of the final report).

      3. Market research

      Marketing research involves, as a rule, all the elements of the outer and internal business environment of a business entity. However, very often all sorts of circumstances hamper the comprehensive study of marketing, but there are a number of positions, which in any situation should be transparent to the manufacturer. Among them, first of all, can be distinguished: market demand, capacity and market share, especially of consumer preferences and market segments for consumer goods and industrial goods. In this regard, we will try to consider them in details.

      When an organization or company decides for itself the choice of the target segment, target market, it is based, first of all, on market demand.

      Market demand is the total amount of sales in a particular market and particular brand product for a certain period of time.

      Market demand can be classified on the basis of the dependence of demand and marketing efforts:

      primary or unstimulated demand is the total demand for all brands, under which a particular product is sold in a particular market without use with any marketing efforts;

      market potential is the maximum amount seeking by the market demand at the approach of marketing costs in the industry, productivity certain product, to a value at which its further growth does not lead to an increase in demand for the product. The magnitude of this type of demand has significant impact environmental factors marketing organization or company;

      current market demand is sales volume of a particular product for a certain period of time under certain environmental conditions, and at a certain level of use of marketing tools.

      In determining the amount consumed, sold goods in a particular period of time of production one must consider this situation not only with terms of consumer behavior, but also the point of view of the manufacturer. In the latter case, often use the term «the real size of the market,» or


Скачать книгу