Модель Нового американского университета. Майкл Кроу
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Science and Engineering Indicators: 2012 Digest. <www.nsf.gov/statistics/digestl2>.
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Goldin C.D., Katz L.F. Race between Education and Technology… P. 3, 44–49.
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Saez S. Striking It Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States. 2013. September 3. <http://elsa.berkeley.edu/%7Esaez/saez-UStopin comes-2012.pdf>. Это исправленная версия статьи, опубликованной ранее, зимой 2008 г., Стэнфордским центром исследований бедности и неравенства; см. также: Piketty Т., SaezE. Income Inequality in the United States, 1913–1998 // Quarterly Journal of Economics 118. 2003. No. 1. P. 1–39; Lowrey A. The Rich Get Richer through the Recovery // New York Times. 2013. September 10.
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Stiglitz J.E. Price of Inequality… P. 9.
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В первую очередь см. отчет Центра Пью по штатам: Pew Center for the States / Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility across Generations. Washington, DC: Economic Mobility Project, Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012.
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Baum S., Ma J., Payea K. Education Pays, 2013: The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society. N.Y.: College Board. 2013. 34. Приводимые числа относятся к зачислениям в вузы всех институциональных типов, включая муниципальные колледжи двухгодичного цикла.
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Pursuing the American Dream. Economic Mobility Across Generations / The Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012. P. 2. <http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/OOO 1/01/0 l/pursuing-the-american-dream>.
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Isaacs J.B. Economic Mobility of Families across Generations // Getting Ahead or Losing Ground: Economic Mobility in America / ed. by J.B. Isaacs, I.V. Sawhill, R. Haskins. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012. P. 19. По их данным, среди выходцев из низшего доходного квинтиля 42 % так и остаются внизу, еще 42 % попадают лишь во второй или третий квинтили. «Лишь 17 % выходцев из низшего квинтиля удается перебраться в два верхних квинтиля». При этом среди детей, чьи родители достигли высшего квинтиля, 39 % остаются наверху, а 23 % сползают в более нижний квинтиль.
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Economics of Higher Education / U.S. Departments of Treasury and Education. P. 15–16. Fig. 6.
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Urahn S.K. et al. Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility across Generations. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts, 2012. P. 25.
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Isaacs J.B. Economic Mobility of Families… P. 19.
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Карневале А.; цит. no: Edsall T.B. The Reproduction of Privilege // New York Times. 2012. March 12.
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Carnevale A.P., Strohl J. How Increasing College Access Is Increasing Inequality… P.71.
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Ibid.; Reardon S.F. The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations // Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children’s Life Chances / ed. by G.J. Duncan, R.J. Murname. N.Y.: Russell Sage Foundation, 2011. P. 4–5.
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Edsall Th. E. Reproduction of Privilege…//New York Times. 2012. March 12.
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