THE ANALECTS. Confucius
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the rules of propriety, a natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them.
2. ‘Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done.’
Chapter XIII
The philosopher Yu said, ‘When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with, he can make them his guides and masters.’
Chapter XIV
The Master said, ‘He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelling place does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing, and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle that he may be rectified:—such a person may be said indeed to love to learn.’
Chapter XV
1. Tsze-kung said, ‘What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?’ The Master replied, ‘They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules of propriety.’
2. Tsze-kung replied, ‘It is said in the Book of Poetry, “As you cut and then file, as you carve and then polish.”—The meaning is the same, I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed.’
3. The Master said, ‘With one like Ts’ze, I can begin to talk about the odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence.’
Chapter XVI
The Master said, ‘I will not be afflicted at men’s not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.’
BOOK II: WEI CHANG.
Chapter I
The Master said, ‘He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.’
Chapter II
The Master said, ‘In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence—“Having no depraved thoughts.”’
Chapter III
1. The Master said, ‘If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame.
2. ‘If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.’
Chapter IV
1. The Master said, ‘At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning.
2. ‘At thirty, I stood firm.
3. ‘At forty, I had no doubts.
4. ‘At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven.
5. ‘At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth.
6. ‘At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.’
Chapter V
1. Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘It is not being disobedient.’
2. Soon after, as Fan Ch’ih was driving him, the Master told him, saying, ‘Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him,—“not being disobedient.”’
3. Fan Ch’ih said, ‘What did you mean?’ The Master replied, ‘That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety.’
Chapter VI
Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘Parents are anxious lest their children should be sick.’
Chapter VII
Tsze-yu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘The filial piety of now-a-days means the support of one’s parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support;—without reverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?’
Chapter VIII
Tsze-hsia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘The difficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the young have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is this to be considered filial piety?’
Chapter IX
The Master said, ‘I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said;—as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui!—He is not stupid.’
Chapter X
1. The Master said, ‘See what a man does.
2. ‘Mark his motives.
3. ‘Examine in what things he rests.
4. ‘How can a man conceal his character?
5. How can a man conceal his character?’
Chapter XI
The Master said, ‘If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.’
Chapter XII
The Master said, ‘The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.’
Chapter XIII
Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, ‘He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.’
Chapter XIV
The Master said, ‘The superior man is catholic and no partisan. The mean man is partisan and not catholic.’
Chapter XV
The Master said, ‘Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.’
Chapter XVI
The Master said, ‘The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed!’
Chapter XVII
The Master said, ‘Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it;—this is knowledge.’
Chapter XVII
1. Tsze-chang was learning