Canto XI. The Broken Rocks. Pope Anastasius. General Description of the Inferno and its Divisions.

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      Upon the margin of a lofty bank

       Which great rocks broken in a circle made,

       We came upon a still more cruel throng;

      And there, by reason of the horrible

       Excess of stench the deep abyss throws out,

       We drew ourselves aside behind the cover

      Of a great tomb, whereon I saw a writing,

       Which said: "Pope Anastasius I hold,

       Whom out of the right way Photinus drew."

      "Slow it behoveth our descent to be,

       So that the sense be first a little used

       To the sad blast, and then we shall not heed it."

      The Master thus; and unto him I said,

       "Some compensation find, that the time pass not

       Idly;" and he: "Thou seest I think of that.

      My son, upon the inside of these rocks,"

       Began he then to say, "are three small circles,

       From grade to grade, like those which thou art leaving.

      They all are full of spirits maledict;

       But that hereafter sight alone suffice thee,

       Hear how and wherefore they are in constraint.

      Of every malice that wins hate in Heaven,

       Injury is the end; and all such end

       Either by force or fraud afflicteth others.

      But because fraud is man's peculiar vice,

       More it displeases God; and so stand lowest

       The fraudulent, and greater dole assails them.

      All the first circle of the Violent is;

       But since force may be used against three persons,

       In three rounds 'tis divided and constructed.

      To God, to ourselves, and to our neighbour can we

       Use force; I say on them and on their things,

       As thou shalt hear with reason manifest.

      A death by violence, and painful wounds,

       Are to our neighbour given; and in his substance

       Ruin, and arson, and injurious levies;

      Whence homicides, and he who smites unjustly,

       Marauders, and freebooters, the first round

       Tormenteth all in companies diverse.

      Man may lay violent hands upon himself

       And his own goods; and therefore in the second

       Round must perforce without avail repent

      Whoever of your world deprives himself,

       Who games, and dissipates his property,

       And weepeth there, where he should jocund be.

      Violence can be done the Deity,

       In heart denying and blaspheming Him,

       And by disdaining Nature and her bounty.

      And for this reason doth the smallest round

       Seal with its signet Sodom and Cahors,

       And who, disdaining God, speaks from the heart.

      Fraud, wherewithal is every conscience stung,

       A man may practise upon him who trusts,

       And him who doth no confidence imburse.

      This latter mode, it would appear, dissevers

       Only the bond of love which Nature makes;

       Wherefore within the second circle nestle

      Hypocrisy, flattery, and who deals in magic,

       Falsification, theft, and simony,

       Panders, and barrators, and the like filth.

      By the other mode, forgotten is that love

       Which Nature makes, and what is after added,

       From which there is a special faith engendered.

      Hence in the smallest circle, where the point is

       Of the Universe, upon which Dis is seated,

       Whoe'er betrays for ever is consumed."

      And I: "My Master, clear enough proceeds

       Thy reasoning, and full well distinguishes

       This cavern and the people who possess it.

      But tell me, those within the fat lagoon,

       Whom the wind drives, and whom the rain doth beat,

       And who encounter with such bitter tongues,

      Wherefore are they inside of the red city

       Not punished, if God has them in his wrath,

       And if he has not, wherefore in such fashion?"

      And unto me he said: "Why wanders so

       Thine intellect from that which it is wont?

       Or, sooth, thy mind where is it elsewhere looking?

      Hast thou no recollection of those words