Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
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tense (ἐρῶ) the mood and tense of the direct question are retained (S. 2677).
πολλάκις: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).
γὰρ: The postpositive explanatory particle is used after an expression denoting the giving or receiving of information (S. 2808) (D. γάρ, pg. 59).
συνϵρχόμϵθά: First person, plural, present, deponent, indicative of συνέρχομαι (S. 383). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). The acute accent on the ultima syllable is thrown back from the following enclitic τινϵς (S. 183.c).
τινϵς … ἔχοντϵς … διασώζοντϵς: Nominatives in apposition to ἡμϵῖς, the supplied subject of συνϵρχόμϵθά (S. 927, 938). τινϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative indefinite adjective used substantively meaning “some men” (S. 1266). The enclitic pronoun throws back its accent onto the previous proparoxytone συνϵρχόμϵθά (S. 183.c).
ϵἰς ταὐτὸ: Prepositional phrase; ϵἰς with the accusative here means “for, to seek” (S. 1686.1.d). ταὐτὸ: Singular, neuter, accusative personal pronoun used substantively with the article meaning “the same thing” (S. 1212). Crasis of τὸ αὐτό (S. 328 Note).
παραπλησίαν ἡλικίαν: Accusative direct object of the participle ἔχοντϵς (S. 1554, 2040).
ἔχοντϵς διασώζοντϵς: Notice the lack of a connective between the two participles (asyndeton) (S. 3016).
ἔχοντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, active circumstantial participle of ἔχω modifying τινϵς (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).
διασώζοντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, active circumstantial participle of διασώζω modifying τινϵς (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).
τὴν παλαιὰν παροιμίαν: Accusative direct object of the participle διασώζοντϵς (S.1554, 2040). παλαιὰν: The adjective is between the article and noun in the attributive position (S. 1154).
οἱ οὖν πλϵῖστοι ἡμῶν ὀλοφύρονται ξυνιόντϵς, τὰς ἐν τῇ νϵότητι ἡδονὰς ποθοῦντϵς καὶ ἀναμιμνησκόμϵνοι πϵρί τϵ τἀφροδίσια καὶ πϵρὶ πότους καὶ ϵὐωχίας καὶ ἄλλ´ ἄττα ἃ τῶν τοιούτων ἔχϵται, καὶ ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μϵγάλων τινῶν ἀπϵστϵρημένοι καὶ τότϵ μὲν ϵὖ ζῶντϵς, νῦν δὲ οὐδὲ ζῶντϵς· (329.a)
| ἀγανακτέω: to be displeased, vexed, angry.ἄλλα, -ῶν, τά: the other things, the rest.ἀναμιμνήσκομαι: to remember, recall to mind.ἀποστϵρέομαι: to be robbed, deprived of.ἄττα: see τις.ἀφροδίσια, -ων, τά: sexual pleasures.ἐν (+ dat.): in, during.ϵὖ: well, fortunately, happily, in good case.ϵὐωχία, -ας, ἡ: good cheer, feasting.ἔχομαι: to pertain to.ζάω: to live.ἡδονή, -ῆς, ἡ: enjoyment, pleasure, delight.ἡμϵῖς, ἡμῶν: we, of us.καί: and.μέγας, μϵγάλη, μέγα: big, great, weighty, important.μὲν … δέ: on the one hand … on the other hand. | νϵότης, -ητος, ἡ: youth, one’s youth.νῦν: now, as it is, as the case now stands.ξύνϵιμι: to go or come together, assemble.ὀλοφύρομαι: to lament, moan, wail, bewail.ὅς, ἥ, ὄ: who, which.οὐδέ: not even.οὖν: so, then, well, now.πϵρί (+ acc.): about.πλϵῖστοι, -ων, οἱ: very many men, most men.ποθέω: to long for, yearn after, miss, regret.πότος, -ου, ὁ: drinking, a drinking-bout.τϵ … καί: and.τις, τι: some; someone, something.τοιοῦτο, -ου, τό: such a thing, such-like.τότϵ: at that time, then, formerly.ὡς: as if, as, in the opinion that, on the ground that. |
οἱ … πλϵῖστοι: … ξυνιόντϵς … ποθοῦντϵς … ἀναμιμνησκόμϵνοι … ἀπϵστϵρημένοι … ζῶντϵς … ζῶντϵς: Nominative subject of ὀλοφύρονται and ἀγανακτοῦσιν (S. 927, 938). οἱ … πλϵῖστοι: Plural, masculine, nominative superlative adjective of πολύς used substantively with the article (S. 1021, 1153.a).
οὖν: The postpositive connecting particle marks a new stage in the sequence of events (S. 2956) (D. οὖν, pg. 425).
ἡμῶν: Plural, genitive of the personal pronoun ἡμϵῖς (S. 325). Partitive genitive with πλϵῖστοι (S. 1306).
ὀλοφύρονται: Third person, plural, present, deponent, indicative of ὀλοφύρομαι (S. 383). Main verb of the (first) complex coordinate clause: οἱ … ἔχϵται (S. 2162).
ξυνιόντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, circumstantial participle of ξύνϵιμι modifying πλϵῖστοι (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).
τὰς ἐν τῇ νϵότητι ἡδονὰς: Accusative direct object of the participle ποθοῦντϵς (S.1554, 2040). ἐν τῇ νϵότητι: Prepositional phrase; ἐν with the dative here means “in, during” (S. 1687.1.b). The prepositional phrase is between the article and noun in the attributive position (S. 1154). τῇ: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).
ποθοῦντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, active circumstantial participle of ποθέω modifying πλϵῖστοι (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the two participial phrases (S. 2868).
ἀναμιμνησκόμϵνοι: Plural, masculine, nominative, present, passive circumstantial participle of ἀναμιμνήσκομαι modifying πλϵῖστοι (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a). The verb can be either followed by a genitive object or the preposition πϵρί (L.S. ἀναμιμνήσκω II).
πϵρί … τἀφροδίσια: Prepositional phrase; πϵρί with the accusative here means “about” (S. 1693.3.c). πϵρί: The oxytone, followed by an enclitic, retains its accent and does not change from the acute to grave (S. 154.a). τἀφροδίσια: Crasis of τὰ᾿ Αφροδίσια (S. 62). A euphemism (S. 3024). τ-: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).
τϵ … καὶ: The conjunction connects the two prepositional phrases (S. 2974). τϵ: The anticipatory particle τϵ is often separated from καί by one or more words (S. 2974). When the postpositive particle is preparatory, it is normally