Seven Practices of a Mindful Leader. Marc Lesser
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self-awareness, awareness of others, awareness of time, and awareness of the quality of one’s efforts. Mindful work and mindful leadership both require and cultivate the essential skills we need to thrive, and this dynamic is the guiding principle of this book. In it, I have distilled what I have learned across the breadth of my experience into seven core practices that I hope will help you merge mindfulness and leadership in your everyday work life. In addition, I know that the benefits of meditation and mindfulness support our entire well-being, far beyond the needs of the workplace. They help us thrive in any endeavor.
BIG MIND AND SMALL MIND
The idea of mindful leadership is not exactly new. In an essay entitled “Instructions to the Head Cook,” Dogen, the founder of Zen in Japan during the thirteenth century, advised that the head cook embrace three core practices or “three minds” while leading the kitchen. These are Joyful Mind (the mind that accepts and appreciates everything), Grandmother Mind (the mind of unconditional love), and Wise Mind (the mind that can embrace the reality of change and be radically inclusive).
Mindfulness practice itself originated within rich spiritual traditions that have developed and transformed over thousands of years. Historically, people tend to be drawn to mindfulness practice during times of rapid change, which are accompanied by high levels of stress, volatility, and uncertainty; times much like those we live in right now. In addition, over the centuries, mindfulness has been adapted and integrated to meet the most vibrant and pressing needs of society — not only influencing spiritual traditions but seeping into many facets of daily life and culture, including the arts, food, education, work, and beyond.
While it’s true that increasing self-awareness is a key aspect of mindfulness practice, the intent is more than awareness of one’s individual self. The intention is to cultivate a wider and more inclusive perspective, aspiring to loosen concern about oneself and to expand our narrow personal experience, so we adopt a more universal and less dualistic awareness. This is referred to in Zen as a shift from Small Mind to Big Mind.
Much of what we experience on a moment-to-moment basis is the world of Small Mind — of the personal self, of I, me, and mine. In fact, science now has a name for Small Mind — it’s called the default mode network. This is the part of the brain that is often worrying about the future or ruminating about the past, rather than being relaxed and alert to this moment, to seeing with greater clarity. From a psychological perspective, this is a lot like ego. Mindfulness practice includes learning from and appreciating Small Mind while cultivating Big Mind — the more open, curious, and accepting perspective or way of being. You might say that mindful leadership is about applying the experience of Big Mind, which is cultivated through meditation (but can be accessed anytime), to the concerns of Small Mind, or the pressures and joys of daily life and of working with others to accomplish time-sensitive goals.
After my year as head cook, I was asked to be director of Tassajara, and this further deepened and broadened my experience in mindful leadership. Tassajara, in addition to being a Zen monastery, has many of the challenges common to a small business. For one thing, Tassajara’s revenue provides crucial financial support for the San Francisco Zen Center. It is also, during the summer months, a retreat center — with workshops and overnight guests.
Then, after a year as Tassajara’s director, I decided to leave the monastery to earn a master’s degree at New York University’s Graduate Business School. I was eager (as well as terrified) to enter the business world and test what I was learning about integrating mindfulness, work, and leadership. By then, I felt I’d identified several noticeable benefits to this approach, which are as follows:
• Mindful leadership cultivates a richness of experience; ordinary, everyday work can feel heightened, meaningful, and at times extraordinary.
• It removes gaps between mindfulness practice, work practice, taking care of people, and achieving results.
• It considers learning from stress, challenges, difficulties, and problems to be an integral part of the process of growth and not something to be avoided.
• It helps us recognize and work with contradictions and competing priorities to cultivate flexibility and understanding.
• It helps us experience timelessness, effortlessness, and joy even in the midst of hard work and exceptional effort.
• It can be applied to any activity to cultivate both confidence and humility.
• It embraces individuality and unity — everyone has a particular role and yet all make one team, supported by and supporting one another, practicing together.
• It considers true success twofold — in the character and compassion of the people and in the quality and results of the work.
I’ve since found these benefits of mindfulness practice and mindful leadership to be enduring and universal; they are accessible and available in any situation and to anyone. You don’t need to spend time in a Zen monastery. You don’t need a business degree. All you need is to apply the approach of mindful leadership to whatever situation, challenge, organization, role, or work environment you are in.
Mindfulness is a way of being and of seeing that shifts our perspective. It is pragmatic — endlessly so, in my experience — since it helps us solve everyday problems in effective and efficient ways. It also develops our way of being, adding depth and richness to the experience of life itself. With mindfulness, every task is approached with both humility and confidence, with hope and with letting go of hope. Ultimately, mindfulness is mysterious, plunging into questions of consciousness, birth, death, and impermanence — while providing us with direct experience that, when we let go of our fears and habits, what arises is composure, a deep sense of love, and a profound sense of meaning and connectedness to life.
PAIN AND POSSIBILITY: THE EMPOWERMENT OF MINDFULNESS
Ever since graduating from New York University, I have been part of both worlds, the contemplative world and the business world — though, of course, now I consider these one world. A few years after graduating, I founded a publishing company, Brush Dance, which became a leader in creating and distributing environmentally friendly, inspirational greeting cards and calendars. (We were one of the first companies in the world to make products from recycled paper.) I ran Brush Dance for fifteen years, and then I founded ZBA Associates, a consulting company that trains leaders and employees in using mindfulness and emotional intelligence. One of my consulting clients was Google, which eventually led to my involvement in developing the Search Inside Yourself program.
I feel fortunate that my work focuses on helping individuals, teams, and companies become more conscious and aware, as well as helping them cultivate productivity, leadership, and well-being in their work. I’ve been doing this in one form or another for much of my life. Nevertheless, while mindfulness as a workplace skill has become more accepted, I’m still often asked: Why do executives and companies work with you? What motivates them to explore mindfulness?
I usually answer this question with two words: pain and possibility. It can be painful to step outside of our role and to be more in touch with our vulnerability, with the tenderness of our heart. Additionally, we usually sense when our values, aspirations, and work are not in alignment or when we are not living up to our full potential. For example, it hurts to become aware that we avoid conflict and difficulty, or we overreact in challenging situations, and thus tend to undermine our effectiveness and influence. On the other hand, we also recognize that we are capable of acting in better, more effective, and skillful ways. We see possibility and are inspired to realize that potential.
Simply recognizing a gap between how you are living, working, and leading and how you aspire to live, work, and lead can be profound and transformative. Equally inspiring is acting to narrow these gaps in effective, practical ways. Mindfulness helps us in both efforts. It helps us identify and bridge these gaps. In fact, I think just naming these gaps can be a great gift, to feel both pain and possibility: the pain of some portions of your life right now, and the possibility for greater awareness, satisfaction, ease, effectiveness, and connection. To me, recognizing, engaging with, and learning from pain and possibility, seeing the gaps that