Anticapitalism and the Emergence of Antisemitism. Stephanie Chasin

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Anticapitalism and the Emergence of Antisemitism - Stephanie Chasin


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to execute a fake sale at an inflated value and then resell at a lower price, a practice called chevisance (meaning an unlawful agreement or contract). While the legal system was still rudimentary, it was relatively easy for the usurer to avoid detection. As the law became more sophisticated, contracts had to become even more complicated in order to avoid the lender’s possible prosecution for usury.27

      Everyone—kings, queens, nobles, clergymen, tradesmen, and peasants—borrowed money. The papacy may have called usury a sin, Jewish trickery, and detrimental to the common good, but the Church needed money, and lots of it. In the eleventh century, Godfrey of Bouillon pledged an allodial property to Bishop Otbert of Liège in return for a loan of 1,300 silver marks and 3,000 gold marks, while the archbishop of Cologne secured credit from Jewish moneylenders. Thirty years after William’s landing in England, the first crusade was called by Pope Urban II (Odo of Châtillon) to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims who had conquered the Levant in the seventh century. What was supposed to be a mission for God did not always attract people for that cause alone. With wages intermittent, some of the crusaders were more intent on enriching themselves than on pleasing God and looting was rife. The attacks on Jews mainly in towns along the Rhine were violent plunders. To what degree the attack was motivated by religious animosity and how much was due to greed is impossible to say. It seems safe to assume that the two were often mingled to a greater or lesser degree.

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