New Daily Study Bible: The Gospel of John vol. 2. William Barclay
Читать онлайн книгу.
shall be executed; a person must not be put to death on the evidence of only one witness’ (Deuteronomy 17:6). ‘No one shall be put to death on the testimony of a single witness’ (Numbers 35:30). Jesus’ answer was twofold.
First, he answered that his own witness was enough. He was so conscious of his own authority that no other witness was necessary. This was not pride or self-confidence. It was simply the supreme instance of the kind of thing which happens every day. Great surgeons are confident in their own verdicts. They do not need anyone to support them; their witness is their own skill. Great lawyers or judges are sure of their own interpretation and application of the law. It is not that they are proud of their own knowledge; it is simply that they know that they know. Jesus was so aware of his closeness to God that he needed no other authority for his claims than his own relationship to God.
Second, Jesus said that in point of fact he had a second witness, and that second witness was God. How does God bear witness to the supreme authority of Jesus? (a) The witness of God is in Jesus’ words. No man could speak with such wisdom unless God had given him knowledge. (b) The witness of God is in Jesus’ deeds. No man could do such things unless God was acting through him. (c) The witness of God is in the effect of Jesus upon men and women. He works changes in people which are obviously beyond human power to work. The very fact that Jesus can make bad people good is proof that his power is not simply a man’s power, but God’s. (d) The witness of God is in the reaction of men and women to Jesus. Wherever and whenever Jesus has been fully displayed, wherever and whenever the cross has been preached in all its grandeur and its splendour, there has been an immediate and overwhelming response in people’s hearts. That response is the Holy Spirit of God working and witnessing in the hearts of men and women. It is God in our hearts who enables us to see God in Jesus.
Jesus dealt in this way with the argument of the scribes and Pharisees that his words could not be accepted because of inadequate witness. His words were in fact backed by a double witness, that of his own consciousness of authority and that of God.
(2) Second, Jesus dealt with his right to judge. His coming into the world was not primarily for judgment; it was for love. At the same time, people’s reaction to Jesus is in itself a judgment; if they see no beauty in him, they condemn themselves. Here Jesus draws a contrast between two kinds of judgment.
(a) There is the judgment that is based on human knowledge and human standards and which never sees below the surface. That was the judgment of the scribes and Pharisees; and, in the last analysis, that is any human judgment, for in the nature of things we can never see below the surface.
(b) There is the judgment that is based on knowledge of all the facts, even the hidden facts, and that can belong only to God. Jesus claims that any judgment he passes is not a human one; it is God’s – because he is one with God. Therein lies at once our comfort and our warning. Only Jesus knows all the facts. That makes him merciful as no other can ever be; but it also enables him to see the sins in us which are hidden from the eyes of others. The judgment of Jesus is perfect because it is made with the knowledge which belongs to God.
(3) Last, Jesus bluntly told the scribes and Pharisees that they had no real knowledge of God. The fact that they did not recognize him for who and what he was provided the proof that they did not. The tragedy was that the whole history of Israel had been designed so that the Jews should recognize the Son of God when he came; but they had become so involved with their own ideas, so intent on their own way, so sure of their own conception of what religion was that they had become blind to God.
THE FATAL INCOMPREHENSION
John 8:21–30
So he said to them again: ‘I am going away, and you will search for me, and you will die in your sin. You cannot come where I am going.’ So the Jews said: ‘Surely he is not going to kill himself, because he is saying: “You cannot come where I am going”?’ He said to them: ‘You are from below, but I am from above. You belong to this world, but I do not belong to this world. I said to you that you will die in your sins. For if you will not believe that I am who I am, you will die in your sins.’ They said to him: ‘Who are you?’ Jesus said to them: ‘Anything I am saying to you is only the beginning. I have many things to say about you, and many judgments to deliver on you; but he who sent me is true, and I speak to the world what I have heard from him.’ They did not know that it was about the Father that he was speaking to them. So Jesus said to them: ‘When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am who I am, and that I do nothing on my own authority, but that I speak these things as the Father has taught me. And he who sent me is with me. He has not left me alone, because I always do the things that are pleasing to him.’ As he said these things, many believed in him.
THIS is one of the passages of argument and debate so characteristic of the Fourth Gospel and so difficult to elucidate and to understand. In it, various strands of argument are all woven together.
Jesus begins by telling his opponents that he is going away; and that, after he is gone, they will realize what they have missed, and will search for him and not find him. This is the true prophetic note. It reminds us of three things. (1) There are certain opportunities which come and which do not return. To each of us is given the opportunity to accept Christ as Saviour and Lord; but that opportunity can be refused and lost. (2) Implicit in this argument is the truth that life and time are limited. It is within an allotted span that we must make our decision for Christ. The time we have to make that decision is limited – and none of us knows what that limit is. There is therefore every reason for making it now. (3) Just because there is opportunity in life, there is also judgment. The greater the opportunity, the more clearly it beckons, the more frequently it comes, the greater the judgment if it is refused or missed. This passage brings us face to face with the glory of our opportunity and with the limitation of time in which to seize it.
When Jesus spoke about going away, he was speaking about his return to his Father and to his glory. That was precisely where his opponents could not follow him, because by their continuous disobedience and their refusal to accept him they had shut themselves off from God. His opponents met his words with a grim and mocking jest. Jesus said that they could not follow where he went; and they suggested that perhaps he was going to kill himself. The point is that, according to Jewish thought, the depths of hell were reserved for those who took their own lives. With a kind of grim blasphemy, they were saying: ‘Maybe he will take his own life; maybe he is on the way to the depths of hell; it is true that we cannot and will not follow him there.’
Jesus said that if they continued to refuse him they would, as the Revised Standard Version translates it, die in their sins. That is a prophetic phrase (cf. Ezekiel 3:18, 18:18). There are two things involved there. (1) The word for sin is hamartia, which originally had to do with shooting and literally means a missing of the target. Those who refuse to accept Jesus as Saviour and Lord have missed the target in life. They die with life unrealized; and they therefore die unfitted to enter into the higher life with God. (2) The essence of sin is that it separates us from God. When Adam, in the old story, committed the first sin, his first instinct was to hide himself from God (Genesis 3:8–10). Those who die in sin die at enmity with God; those who accept Christ already walk with God, and death only opens the way to a closer walk. To refuse Christ is to be a stranger to God; to accept him is to be the friend of God, and in that friendship the fear of death is forever banished.
THE FATAL INCOMPREHENSION
John 8:21–30 (contd)
JESUS goes on to draw a series of contrasts. His opponents belong to earth, while he is from heaven; they are of the world, while he is not of the world.
John frequently talks about the world; the word in Greek is kosmos. He uses it in a way that is all his own.
(1) The kosmos is the opposite of heaven. Jesus came from heaven into the world (John 1:9). He was sent by God into the world (3:17). He is not of the world; his opponents are of the world (8:23). The kosmos is the changing, transient life that we live; it is all that