Rituals of Ethnicity. Sara Shneiderman

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      Rituals of Ethnicity

      CONTEMPORARY ETHNOGRAPHY

      Kirin Narayan and Alma Gottlieb, Series Editors

      A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher.

      Rituals of Ethnicity

       Thangmi Identities Between Nepal and India

      Sara Shneiderman

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      UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS

      PHILADELPHIA

      Copyright © 2015 University of Pennsylvania Press

      All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.

      Published by

      University of Pennsylvania Press

      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

       www.upenn.edu/pennpress

      Printed in the United States of America

      on acid-free paper

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Shneiderman, Sara.

      Rituals of ethnicity : Thangmi identities between Nepal and India / Sara Shneiderman. — 1st ed.

      p. cm. — (Contemporary ethnography)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-8122-4683-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)

      1. Thami (Nepalese people) 2. Thami (Nepalese people)—Ethnic identity. 3. Thami (Nepalese people)—Migrations. 4. Thami (Nepalese people)—Government relations—Nepal. 5. Thami (Nepalese people)—Government relations—India, Northeastern. 6. Tribes—Government policy—Nepal. 7. Tribes—Government policy—India, Northeastern. 8. Ethnicity—Political aspects—Himalaya Mountains Region. 9. Emigration and immigration—Political aspects—Himalaya Mountains Region. I. Title. II. Series: Contemporary ethnography.

      DS493.9.T46S56 2015

      305.80095496—dc23

      2014028283

       Ama apa, bubu pairi, tete jarphu, hu wari, humi damari, ca camaica! Sakale kai seva!

      Mother and father, older brother and sister-in-law, older sister and brother-in-law, younger brother and sister-in-law, younger sister and brother-in-law, son and daughter!

      I offer service to all of you!

      * * *

      With this Thangmi greeting that recognizes all present with invocations of kinship, I dedicate this book to those who contributed to this project but did not live to see its end: Rana Bahadur and Maili of Balasode; Ram Bahadur of Kodari; Maili and Jyakha Bhojyu (Buddha Laxmi) of Pashelung; Junkiri of Suspa; Dalaman of Alampu; Singha Bahadur and Khumbalal of Kathmandu; and Basant, Gopal Singh, and Latte Apa (Man Bahadur) of Darjeeling

       Contents

       List of Abbreviations

       Preface

       1. Of Rocks and Rivers—Being Both at Once

       2. Framing, Practicing, and Performing Ethnicity

       3. Origin Myths and Myths of Originality

       4. Circular Economies of Migration, Belonging, and Citizenship

       5. Developing Associations of Ethnicity and Class

       6. Transcendent Territory, Portable Deities, and the Problem of Indigeneity

       7. The Work of Life-Cycle Rituals and the Power of Parallel Descent

       8. Resisting the End of a Ritual

       Epilogue: Thami ke ho?—What Is Thami?

       Glossary

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

       Acknowledgments

       Abbreviations

AIGL All India Gorkha League
BLTS Bhai Larke Thami Samaj
BTWA Bharatiya Thami Welfare Association
CPI Communist Party of India
CPI(M) Communist Party of India (Marxist)
CPN Communist Party of Nepal
CPN-ML Communist Party of Nepal—Marxist-Leninist
CPN-UML Communist Party of Nepal—United Marxist-Leninist
DFID Department for International Development (U.K.)
DGHC Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council
GDNS Gorkha Duhkha Nivarak Sammelan
GJM Gorkhaland Janamukti Morcha
GNLF Gorkhaland National Liberation Front
HPSU Hill People’s Social Union
ILO International Labour Organization
IPO Indigenous People’s Organization
JANSEEP Janajati Social and Economic Empowerment Project
JEP Janajati Empowerment Project
LGES Lapilang Gau Ekai Samiti
NC Nepali Congress
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