The Matter of Vision. Peter Wyeth
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‘The Bandwith of Consciousness’, p. 124, and Part III ‘Consciousness’, p. 211.
10The term used by Simon Raggett see: www.quantum-mind.co.uk
11Dehaene, 2014, details extensively the work of the unconscious but asserts that Consciousness is like an executive choosing from vast amounts of material prepared for its decision by the unconscious, whereas my sense is that Consciousness is the passive partner, presented with the choices for attention by the Automatic and reporting back on them to the Automatic in a constant feedback loop.
12From Norretranders, op. cit., Ch 6 in general, pp. 143–144 in particular
13Damasio, Descartes’ Error, Quill, New York, 1998.
14A point well-made by Dehaene, Consciousness and the Brain, Viking, New York, 2014, pp. 12, 41–43.
15While we do not perhaps have to practice Vision as we do Language, as a technical facility, that is distinct from whether we learn from Vision – which evolutionary logic suggests is primary – which things are food, which might suggest danger, which are poisonous etc. Its capacities evolved for survival, but exaptation has made that enormous capacity for information available for Cinema, as it were. See Gould, S.J.; Vrba, E.S. (1982). “Exaptation – a missing term in the science of form”, Paleobiology 8 (1): 4–15.
16See ‘Cinema and Language’ below, p. 24.
17Andrew Parker - In the Blink of an Eye, Simon & Schuster, London, (2003).
18Quoted in Norretranders op. cit., p. 193.
19According to Bennett and Hacker’s 480 page survey, The Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience, Wiley-Blackwell, London, 2003, it is not sensible to talk of the brain separate from man, but their whole comprehensive survey is based on a fragment from Wittgenstein to that effect, which I admire on principle as eccentric, but not in practice as creating more problems than it solves, and to no effect, an echo of a current view of their sponsor.
20See p. 106 for Darwin’s List.
21Those born blind cannot think in Vision, but as it has been suggested that the brain provides optional overlapping systems where sight is not available, it may be possible that for the blind thought occurs through those systems.
22Christian Keysers, The Empathic Brain, Social Brain Press, 2011.
23The area beyond consciousness includes the autonomic, reflex, homeostasis, and their status would need to be clarified as part of a greater understanding of the terrain of the ‘Automatic’.
24See Dehaene op. cit. for an account of such experiments since the 1990s. The ‘threshold’ method his laboratory uses would perhaps require some development to deal with the issues of Cinema discussed in this book.
25Hasson et al., Neurocinematics: The Neuroscience of Film, Projections, Vol 2, Issue 1, Summer 2008, pp. 1–26.
26The issue of developing experimental methods to analyse unconscious activity from films is one to which I hope to return.
27While the primary mention in the book is of Survival, it is implicit that survival for reproduction is the order of play.
28In 9 to 5 (1980), Screenplay: Patricia Resnick & Colin Higgins.
29Damasio, Descartes’ Error, Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain, op. cit.
30Metz: ‘Le cinéma: langue ou langage?’, 1964, Volume 4, No 4, pp. 52–90.
31‘dreams are most often reasonable simulations of waking life that contain occasional unusual features in terms of settings, characters, or activities (Dorus et al., 1971; Foulkes, 1985; Hall & Van de Castle, 1966; Snyder, 1970)’ in Domhoff, G. W. (2005). Refocusing the neurocognitive approach to dreams: A critique of the Hobson versus Solms debate. Dreaming, 15, 3–20.
32See the later discussion, in On Method, about the boundaries between the physical and the metaphysical.
33Description taken from Dehaene p. 94 op. cit.
34These experiments have become almost apocryphal in film-study, and represent an early interest in linking science to Cinema in the optimistic period after the Russian Revolution. They are often regarded as establishing editing as a unique element of the new medium, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleshov_Effect
35For the Gazzaniga experiment see p. 281 in Norretranders op cit.
36It is worth distinguishing here between the ‘natural’ skills of Vision technically, as it were, and the ‘cultural’ evolutionary learning involved in their use, such as being able to distinguish between a mushroom that tastes wonderful and one that will kill you.
37Christian Metz, Film Language, University of Chicago press, Chicago, 1990.
38Jacques Lacan, the leading figure in psycho-analysis in France at the rise of Film Theory. The French neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene quotes his colleague Lionel Naccache to the effect that “the unconscious is not structured like a language but as a decaying exponential” – indicating the decay of unconscious memory that does not enter consciousness. See p 104 ‘Consciousness and the Brain. S Dehaene, Viking, New York, 2014, also see Commentaries on ‘Consciousness and the Unconscious’.
39See Steven Weinberg, Dreams of a Final Theory, Vintage, New York, 1993, commenting on philosophy.
40see Antonio Damasio, Descartes’ Error, op. cit.
41Schopenhauer’s view of Hegel’s philosophy.