A New and Concise History of Rock and R&B through the Early 1990s. Eric Charry
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Funk 96
Rock Guitar 98
Rock Festivals, 1967–1969 100
Rock Journalism 101
End-of-Decade Trends 102
Funk in the 1970s 105
Progressive Rock 107
Glam Rock 109
Hard Rock 112
Singer-Songwriters 113
Country Rock 117
Stevie Wonder 126
Disco 127
Punk 135
New Wave 139
Women and 1970s Rock 141
Jazz Rock 142
End-of-Decade Moment 142
Hip Hop 144
Misogynist Lyrics in Hip Hop 150
Epidemic, Economics, and Incarceration 154
Heavy Metal 156
Second British Invasion 159
Superstars: Michael Jackson, Prince, and Madonna 161
Band Aid, “We Are the World,” and Live Aid 164
Parents Music Resource Center 166
Alternative, Indie Rock, and Hardcore 168
Electronic Dance Music 171
Into the 1990s 181
III INTERPRETIVE FRAMEWORKS 257
Youth 262
Gender and Sexuality 267
Race and Ethnicity 272
Blackness 276
Whiteness 278
Latino, Chicano, and Native American 283
Demographics 287
9 Aesthetic Preferences and Sonic Markers 289
European and European American Music 291
African and African American Music 299
Latin American Music 306
Marian Anderson and Bob Dylan 308
A Spectrum: Four Examples 312
Cultural Appropriation 316
11 Researching and Studying Rock and R&B 320
Sources 320
Themes 322
Melody, Chord, Harmony, Tonality, and Overtones 325
Rhythm, Beat, Tempo, Meter, Measure and Bar, and Repertory 325
Verse and Chorus 326
Bibliography (Print, Online Articles and Websites, Radio Programs) 327
Discography 357
Filmography/Videography 358
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Copyright in the United States 185
2. Copyright timeline 187
3. Growth of the recording industry in the United States to the 1930s 188
4. Growth of radio in the United States 190
5. Music on television, 1940s–1980s 191
6. African Americans in starring roles in television 192
7. Magazines 193
8. Industry popularity charts (Billboard) 194
9. Grammy categories 195
10. Innovations in sound and musical instrument technology, 1948–2001 196
11. “High Water Everywhere, Part 1,” by Charley Patton 197
12. Early blues singers 198
13. Twelve-bar blues form 199
14. Some key independent record labels, 1940s–1950s (date founded and artist’s debut recording) 200
15. “Choo Choo Ch-Boogie,” by Louis Jordan 201
16. Electric blues guitarists, 1950s–1960s (R&B Top 10 single hits and pop LP debuts) 202
17. Women R&B singers, 1940s–1950s (R&B Top 10 single hits and crossovers to pop Top 40) 203
18. Birth years of early rock and roll, soul, and funk leaders 204
19. Elvis Presley Top 10 hits 205
20. Top 40 crossover pop hits by black rock and roll artists 207
21. Five cover comparisons, 1954–1956 208
22. Five styles of early rock and roll, 1954–1956 209
23. Rockabilly artists and their debut recordings 210
24. “Stand by Me” form and arrangement 210
25. Brill Building songwriting teams and select pop hits 211
26. Teen idols: Late 1950s–1960s Top 40 hits 212
27. Motown pop Top 10 singles, 1960–1970 213