1 Collect several objects, such as a ball, squeaky toy, and bone. Have a baking pan, car keys, and a heavy book on hand.

      2 Lay all the objects on the floor and allow the dog to investigate (see Figure 4-2).Illustration by Barbara FrakeFIGURE 4-2: Be sure to include a variety of objects to see how the dog responds.Here are some possible reactions you may see:The dog moves away. A dog who moves away is very fearful of new things. Unless you’re very patient and live in a quiet household, you shouldn’t adopt this dog.The dog has no reaction. If the dog doesn’t react, she’s indifferent to new things — or at least to these new things. If you have very young children or elderly parents living with you, this dog may be ideal.The dog starts to investigate but stops and moves away. A dog who starts to investigate but moves away will take time to acclimate to new situations.The dog investigates the objects. The dog who investigates the objects is inquisitive but not bold. She’ll do well in most any home.The dog investigates and interacts with the objects. The dog who investigates and interacts is confident. She’ll do well in a home with children and an active lifestyle.

      3 One at a time, pick up all the objects and roll them across the floor, observing the dog’s reactions as you do. Begin with the object least likely to cause a reaction, such as a ball. Then try a bone, a squeaky toy, and car keys. Finish by dropping a pan or book.Some possible reactions that you may see include the following:The dog moves away. A dog who moves away is fearful and should not be in an active home. This dog may react fearfully when overwhelmed by new events, sights, or sounds.The dog has no reaction. A dog who has no reaction is a very accepting dog who should do well in most environments. Most healthy dogs have some reaction, though, so be sure that she at least watched the movement or responded somehow to the sound. Otherwise, you may want to check the dog’s health.The dog starts to chase but loses interest. This dog may work out well in a quiet environment, but is unlikely to want to play much with toys. She may like chewing a bone, though.The dog chases, grabs, and carries the object away from you. This dog is bold, possessive, yet playful. She needs to be in a home with structure and consistency.The dog chases, grabs, and brings the object to you. This dog will be ideal if you have an active family. She loves to play, retrieve, and interact with the world.

      1 Pick up the dog’s front end, holding just behind the front legs (see Figure 4-3).Illustration by Barbara FrakeFIGURE 4-3: Lifting the dog’s front legs is a way to test her dominance.Possible reactions you may see in the dog include the following:The dog struggles, growls, and tries to bite or mouth you. This reaction shows a very insecure and possibly assertive dog. If you adopt her, you must remain consistent at all times and make sure you and she go through a lot of obedience work.The dog struggles, but eventually gives in. This reaction shows a bold dog, but not an overly assertive one. She still needs a consistent household and might do okay with older children who won’t be afraid of her if she jumps on or chases them.The dog shows extreme fear, exhibits walleye (where you can see the whites of the eyes), and yips. This reaction shows a very fearful dog. This dog should live in a quiet home where her guardians will be patient and understanding. I’ve seen dogs who have this reaction turn from being fearfully submissive to being in charge of their household. This can happen when overly permissive guardians give the dog a lot of leeway because she seems afraid. Dogs are smart — she may be displaying the fearful reaction because she wants to be allowed a dominant role. The bottom line: Let her make the first approach, but don’t let her run the household.The dog gives in readily, but moves away when released. This reaction shows an insecure dog. This dog just may not feel at home in her current environment.The dog submits and relaxes, remaining with you when released. This reaction shows a secure dog. This dog would likely do well in any environment, with conscientious children of all ages. She’ll learn quickly and enjoy every minute with you.If you were able to perform Step 1 without the dog showing any aggression, and you feel comfortable with the dog, move on to Step 2.

      2 Sit and stare into the dog’s eyes. Don’t look away first.Possible reactions you may see in the dog include the following:The dog stares back at you and growls. This reaction is one of a very confident, and possibly assertive, dog. This is not a dog you’ll want to live with — she’ll challenge you every chance she gets. If she’s showing assertive behavior at this point, you most definitely don’t want to move on to Step 3. She may just be stressed in her current location, but you have no way of knowing that she won’t be similarly stressed at some point after you bring her home.The dog stares back at you and doesn’t look away. This reaction is still an assertive dog, but one who can be. Doing so will take consistency and diligence, as well as a consistent guardian who will make the dog work for everything. This dog will be happiest in a very structured environment.The dog stares at you a moment and then looks away. The dog who stares and looks away is unsure of her position. She may be testy in specific situations, such as when she really wants something, but she’ll easily back down if her guardian remains assertive and insistent.The dog never looks you in the eye. The dog who never looks in your eyes is very submissive and accepting. This dog will do well in most environments.If you were able to perform Step 2 without the dog showing any aggression, you can give Step 3 a try. If the dog has shown any assertive behavior in the other tests, do not move on to Step 3. Step 3 puts the dog in a totally submissive position where she feels vulnerable.

      3 Gently roll the dog over onto her back.Possible reactions you may see include the following:The dog struggles, growls, and tries to bite you. This is the reaction of a very assertive dog. She’s not a good candidate for anyone with children or an active home. She will do best with a single, consistent owner who will work with her and maintain a structured environment.The dog struggles but eventually gives in. This is the reaction of a dog who has some assertive tendencies but who understands when she’s not in charge. She’ll do well in a home with consistent owners, but not with young children.The dog has no reaction and remains on her back without any struggle. This dog will do well in any home. The dog feels comfortable and secure in her environment.The dog gives in quickly, cries, and moves away when released. The dog who gives in but cries and moves away is submissive, possibly fearful. She should live in a quiet home.The dog gives in quickly and remains with you when released. This dog should work well in any home, though she should always be approached in a positive manner and be given lots of praise for everything she does.