1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  List of Illustrations

      5  Maps

      6  Preface to the Second Edition

      7  1 Introductory Concerns 1.1 What is Ancient Egypt? 1.2 Egypt’s Geography 1.3 The Makeup of Egyptian Historical Sources 1.4 The Egyptians and Their Past 1.5 The Chronology of Egyptian History 1.6 Prehistoric Developments

      8  2 The Formation of the Egyptian State (ca. 3400–2686) 2.1 Sources 2.2 Royal Cemeteries and Cities 2.3 The First Kings 2.4 Ideological Foundations of the New State 2.5 The Invention of Writing 2.6 Foreign Relations

      9  3 The Great Pyramid Builders (ca. 2686–2345) 3.1 Sources 3.2 The Evolution of the Mortuary Complex 3.3 Administrating the Old Kingdom State 3.4 Ideological Debates? 3.5 Foreign Relations 3.6 Later Traditions about the Old Kingdom

      10  4 The End of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2345–2055) 4.1 Sources 4.2 The Rise of the Regions and Political Fragmentation 4.3 Foreign Relations 4.4 Competition between Herakleopolis and Thebes 4.5 Appraising the First Intermediate Period

      11  5 The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2055–1650) 5.1 Sources and Chronology 5.2 Kings and Regional Elites 5.3 Kings as Warriors 5.4 Egypt in the Wider World 5.5 The Cult of Osiris 5.6 Middle Kingdom Literature and its Impact on Egyptian Culture

      12  6 The Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos (ca. 1700–1550) 6.1 Sources and Chronology 6.2 Avaris: Multiple Transformations of a Delta Harbor 6.3 The Hyksos 6.4 Nubia and the Kingdom of Kush 6.5 Thebes in the Middle 6.6 The Hyksos in Later Perspective

      13  7 The Birth of Empire: The Early 18th Dynasty (ca. 1550–1390) 7.1 Egypt in a New World Order 7.2 Sources and Chronology 7.3 Egypt at War 7.4 Egypt and the Outside World 7.5 Domestic Issues

      14  8 The Amarna Revolution and the Late 18th Dynasty (ca. 1390–1295) 8.1 An International Age 8.2 Amenhotep III: The Sun King 8.3 From Amenhotep III to Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten 8.4 Akhenaten 8.5 Akhenaten’s Memory

      15  9 The Ramessid Empire (ca. 1295–1213) 9.1 Domestic Policy: Restoration and Renewal 9.2 International Relations: Reforming the Empire 9.3 Rameses’s Court 9.4 A Community of Tomb Builders

      16  10 The End of Empire (ca. 1213–1070) 10.1 Problems at Court 10.2 Breakdown of Order 10.3 The Decline of Royal Power