Adobe Photoshop CC For Dummies. Peter Bauer
Читать онлайн книгу.
other hand, you constrain the proportions of the selection to a square or circle (rather than a rectangle or ellipse).
Hold down the Option/Alt key while dragging. When you hold down the Option/Alt key while dragging a marquee selection tool, the selection is centered on the point where you first clicked. Rather than being a corner of a selection, that starting point is the center of the selection.
Hold down the Shift and Option/Alt keys while dragging. You can select from the center while constraining proportions by using the Shift and Option/Alt keys together.
Use the Shift key to add to an existing selection. If you already have an active selection in your image, Shift+dragging a selection tool adds to that selection. (Press Shift before you click and drag.)
Use the Option/Alt key to subtract from an existing selection. When you have an existing selection and you hold down the Option/Alt key, you can drag to subtract from the selection. Note in Figure 3-5 that the selection tool’s cursor shows a small minus sign when subtracting from a selection.
“Double-clutch” with the Shift or Option/Alt key. You can even constrain proportions or select from the center and add to or subtract from a selection. Press the Shift key (to add to the existing selection) or the Option/Alt key (to subtract from the existing selection). Click and start dragging the marquee selection tool. While continuing to hold down the mouse button, release the modifier key and press and hold Shift (to constrain proportions), Option/Alt (to center the selection), or both; then continue to drag your selection tool. You might want to use this technique, for example, when creating a donut-shaped selection. Drag the initial circular selection and then subtract a smaller circular selection from the center of the initial circle.
Don’t be afraid to experiment with modifier keys while working with tools. After all, you always have the Undo command (⌘ +Z/Ctrl+Z) at hand!
If you’re using a current version of Windows, you also have Microsoft Dial Support available, which enables you to adjust brush attributes using the Microsoft Dial (if it’s on your hardware).
FIGURE 3-5: Use the Option/Alt key with a selection tool to subtract from a selection.
Get Cookin’ with Customization
Customizing Photoshop not only helps you work faster and more efficiently but can also help you work more precisely and prevent tragic errors. Consider using a Crop tool preset to create a 5-x-7 print at 300 pixels per inch (ppi). Such a preset will always produce exactly those dimensions, every single time. Setting up the Crop tool each time you need a 5-x-7 at 300 ppi doesn’t just waste time: It also opens the door for time-consuming or project-wrecking typos. (“Oops! I guess I made a mistake — this image is 5-x-7 at only 30 pixels per inch!”)
Clearing the table: Custom workspaces
One of the easiest ways to work more efficiently is to see your image better. Generally speaking, bigger is better, so the more room you have on the monitor to display your artwork, the better you can zoom in and do precise work. As mentioned earlier, the easiest way to gain workspace is to press the Tab key to hide Photoshop’s panels. Pressing Shift+Tab hides all the panels except the Options bar and the Toolbox.
Keep in mind that it’s best to use 100% zoom when evaluating your image for banding (areas of similar color that should blend smoothly, but don’t) or moiré (which can occur when scanning printed material — see Figure 4-3 in the following chapter for an example) and when applying filters. Any other zoom factor is a simulation of the image’s appearance. If you have a computer and video card that support OpenCL drawing (take a look in Photoshop’s Preferences ⇒ Performance, activate Use Graphics Processor, and click the Advanced Settings), you have much better on-screen display. But 100% zoom is safest when making critical decisions.
You can also drag the panels that you need regularly to a custom group of panels. To move a panel, drag it by the tab and “nest” it with other panels. And don’t forget that the major panels have keyboard shortcuts assigned to show and hide. Although keyboard shortcuts are customizable (as you can read later in this chapter), here are the primary panels’ assigned F keys, the function keys that appear at the top of your keyboard:
Actions: Option/Alt+F9
Brush Settings: F5
Color: F6
Info: F8
Layers: F7
The most efficient way to customize your work area is to create and save specialized workspaces. Arrange the panels exactly as you need them for a particular job you do regularly, choose Window ⇒ Workspace ⇒ New Workspace (in the Window menu, visible panels are indicated with a check mark), and name the workspace for that type of job. Then you can make a specialized workspace for each type of work you do. For example, perhaps when you do color correction, you need to see the Histogram panel (in the expanded view), the Info panel, and the Channels panel. Arrange those panels how you need them and then hide the rest, saving the workspace named as Color Correction. Or, perhaps when you create illustrations in Photoshop, you need to see the Layers and Paths panels at the same time. Drag one out of the group to separate it, position them both where convenient, and save the workspace as Illustration.
To access a saved workspace, choose Window ⇒ Workspace and select it from the list at the top of the menu, as shown in Figure 3-6. You can see some preset custom workspaces in the top section of the menu.
FIGURE 3-6: Select a workspace from the menu to instantly rearrange your panels.
To customize shortcuts for Photoshop’s menu commands, choose Edit ⇒ Menus, which opens the Keyboard Shortcuts and Menus dialog box, shown in Figure 3-7. Alternatively, choose Edit ⇒ Keyboard Shortcuts and click the Menus tab. Here you can find every available menu command listed. (Filters available in the Filter Gallery cannot have individual keyboard shortcuts unless, in Photoshop’s Preferences ⇒ Plug-Ins, you have elected to list all filters on the Filter menu.) You also have the option of hiding a command or assigning a custom color to make it easier to identify in the menu. You might, for example, hide the blur filters that you never use, and color-code the others according to how you like or use them.