Disagreements of the Jurists. al-Qadi al-Nu'man
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according to this view, established in the Book in this sense, clear and plain, and neither ambiguous nor impenetrable. There is no need to draw an analogy from the text, or to infer something from it, nor is there need of personal judgment, legal interpretation, preference, or speculative reasoning, as those who are in disagreement have claimed.
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وأمّا ما أوجبوه لأنفسهم من الحكم في دين الله وأحكامه وحلال الله وحرامه بقياسهم وآرائهم واجتهادهم واستحسانهم ونظرهم واستدلالهم بزعمهم فذلك يخالف قول الله عزّ وجلّ لأنّه يقول لا شريك له لنبيّه محمّد صلّى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلّم {إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِمَآ أَرَىٰكَ ٱللهُ} ولم يقل بما رأيته ولا بما استحسنته ولا بما قِسْتَ عليه، ولا بما نظرت فيه ولا بما استدللت عليه ولا بما اجتهدت فيه. فأوجب هؤلاء لأنفسهم ما لم يوجبه الله سبحانه وتعالى لرسوله . وقال تعالى له {قُل ... إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَىَّ}، وقال تعالى {وَٱلنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَىٰ مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَىٰ وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ ٱلْهَوَىٰٓ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا وَحْىٌ يُوحَىٰ عَلَّمَهُ شَدِيدُ ٱلْقُوَىٰ}، وقال {قُلْ إِن ضَلَلْتُ فَإِنَّمَآ أَضِلُّ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِى ۖ وَإِنِ ٱهْتَدَيْتُ فَبِمَا يُوحِىٓ إِلَىَّ رَبِّىٓ} ولم يقل بما رأيته واستنبطته لنفسي، وقال {ٱتَّبِعُوا مَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُم مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ} وقال تعالى {وَهَٰذَا كِتَٰبٌ أَنزَلْنَٰهُ مُبَارَكٌ فَٱتَّبِعُوهُ وَٱتَّقُوا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ} وقال {وَأَنِ ٱحْكُم بَيْنَهُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللهُ} وقال تعالى {وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللهُ فَأُولَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ} {وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللهُ فَأُولَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ} وقال {وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللهُ فَأُولَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْفَٰسِقُونَ} وقال تعالى {يَٰدَاوُۥدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَٰكَ خَلِيفَةً فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَٱحْكُم بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ ٱلْهَوَىٰ فَيُضِلَّكَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللهِ} وقال تعالى{إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا ٱلظَّنَّ ۖ وَإِنَّ ٱلظَّنَّ لَا يُغْنِى مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ شَيْـًٔا} وقال {إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا ٱلظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهْوَى ٱلْأَنفُسُ ۖ وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ ٱلْهُدَىٰٓ}.
The right they arrogated to themselves to determine the judgments and rulings of God’s religion, and God’s lawful and unlawful things, through their so-called analogy, personal judgment, legal interpretation, preference, speculative reasoning, and inference countermands the word of God because He stated to His Prophet Muḥammad: «We have revealed to you the Scripture with the truth in order that you judge between mankind according to what God has shown you.»47 God did not say, “by what you consider appropriate,” “by what you prefer,” “by what you arrive at by analogy based on the Scripture,” “by speculating about it,” “by what you infer from it,” or “by what you arrive at through legal interpretation regarding it.” These jurists arrogated to themselves what God did not grant to His Messenger. God said to the Messenger, «Say: . . . I follow only that which has been revealed to me»;48 «By the star when it sets, your comrade errs not, nor is he mad, nor does he speak out of whim. It is only an inspiration inspired, taught him by one strong of powers»;49 and «Say: If I have gone astray, then I stray only at my own expense, and if I am guided aright, then it is by what my Lord inspires in me.»50 He did not say, “by what I have thought up and deduced for myself.” God said: «Follow what has been sent down to you from your Lord»;51 «This is a Book that We have sent down, blessed. So follow it, and fear God. Perhaps you will be shown mercy»;52 «Judge among them by what God has sent down»;53 «Whoever judges not by what God has sent down, they are the unbelievers»;54 «Whoever judges not by what God has sent down, they are the unjust»;55 «Whoever judges not by what God has sent down, they are the sinners»;56 «O David, We have made you a representative in the Earth, so judge among the people by the truth, and do not follow your whim, lest it lead you astray from the path of God»;57 «They follow nothing but a guess, and a guess can never take the place of the truth»;58 and «They follow only surmise and that which their minds desire, but guidance has come to them from their Lord.»59
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وسئل رسول الله صلّى الله عليه و على آله وسلّم عن كثير من الأشياء ممّا لم يكن الله عزّ وجلّ أنزل عليه فيها شيئًا فتوقّف عن الجواب فيها ولم يقل فيها برأيه ولا بقياسه ولا بشيء ممّا قال هؤلاء حتّى أنزل الله سبحانه عليه جواب ما سئل عنه. فلو جاز الجواب لأحد بغير ما في الكتاب لجاز له صلّى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلّم لأنّه١ كان أصحّ خلق الله تمييزًا٢ وأصدق ظنًّا وأجود رأيًا وقياسًا واستحسانًا واستدلالًا. قال الله تعالى {وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْمَحِيضِ ۖ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَٱعْتَزِلُوا ٱلنِّسَآءَ فِى ٱلْمَحِيضِ}، و{وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلرُّوحِ ۖ قُلِ ٱلرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّى}، و{وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَ قُلِ ٱلْعَفْوَ}، و{وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ ۖ قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَّهُمْ خَيْرٌ}، {يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ