Historical Dictionary of Jazz. John S. Davis
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It can also refer to a battle of bands, in which two or more bands alternate performing pieces until a “winner,” as determined by those dancers and enthusiasts in attendance, is decided. See also IMPROVISATION.
CYMBAL(S)
Modern cymbals are circular, concave metal discs, and in jazz they are usually placed on stands around and as part of a drum set. Jazz drummers may use any variety of cymbals, but most often they make use of the hi-hat (two cymbals that are operated by a foot pedal), the ride cymbal (generally used to keep time), and the crash cymbal (used to provide extra accent for specific notes). The ride cymbal is generally responsible for maintaining the “swing” pattern and can come in a variety of sizes. The pattern played on a cymbal is sometimes also referred to as the ride pattern due to its ride cymbal roots.
Additionally, there are lesser-used cymbals that players may use for extra effect. A China cymbal is a full-sized cymbal but with the edges turned up and a shallower, raised cup in the middle. The sound produced slightly resembles a high-pitched gong. The zinger cymbal, rarely used in modern times, is a much smaller cymbal that is attached to the bass drum. This cymbal is simultaneously played with the same beater (or mallet) that strikes the bass drum, therefore striking the two instruments at the same time. A cymbal used extensively during the 1920s is the Charleston cymbal, 25 centimeters in diameter and often containing a large cup or bell.
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