The Giants of Russian Literature: The Greatest Russian Novels, Stories, Plays, Folk Tales & Legends. Максим Горький
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and vast unbuilt-on spaces.” Between the houses in the Kitai-gorod and the east wall of the Kreml was the Red Place, or city square, which was the centre of Moskovite public life; “red” in Russian being synonymous with “beautiful.” Afterwards the name gained a grimmer significance.
135 Herberstein.
136 S. Solov’ev.
137 E. A. Solov’ev, Ivan IV. Groznie.
138 Karamzin. Schiemann. Austen Pember, Ivan the Terrible.
139 E. A. Solov’ev.
140 Anastasia Romanova, daughter of Roman, hence the name by which the family was afterwards distinguished—Romanov.
141 Karamzin.
142 Rambaud.
143 In Byzantine writings of that period it is sometimes styled “Sea of the Russians.”
144 Schiemann.
145 Quoted by Schiemann.
146 Schiemann.
147 Schiemann; S. Solov’ev; Geschichte der Ostseeprovinzen.
148 E. A. Solov’ev, Ivan IV. Groznie.
149 N. A. Polevoi, Tzarstvovanie Ioanna Groznago.
150 According to Pember “christened Dmitri, like his first-born.” Karamzin and Polevoi designate him Vasili.
151 A. N. Murav’ev, History of the Russian Church.
152 Skasaniya kniazya Kourbskago, edit. by N. Ustryalov; Karamzin.
153 Pember.
154 Schiemann, Karamzin, E. A. Solov’ev, Polevoi.
155 Karamzin, S. Solov’ev.
156 E. A. Solov’ev.
157 E. A. Solov’ev, Polevoi, S. Solov’ev.
158 Karamzin, E. A. Solov’ev.
159 Karamzin.
160 Sir Ierome Horsey’s Observations in seventeene yeeres travels and experience in Rvssia, and other countries adioyning.
161 Karamzin, E. A. Solov’ev, Schiemann.
162 Horsey.
163 Schiemann, Karamzin.
164 Giles Fletcher, the Elder, Of the Russe Common Wealth.
165 Karamzin, Polevoi.
166 Vulcob, French ambassador at Wien; quoted by the Marquis de Noailles in Henri de Valois et la Pologne en 1572.
167 De Noailles, Henri de Valois, etc.
168 De Noailles.
169 S. Solov’ev, Karamzin.
170 W. R. Morfill, Poland.
171 Karamzin.
172 Pronounced Fedor; the Russian letter corresponding to the Greek Theta in form has been rendered Th (in the proper names Thedor, Martha, etc.) to distinguish it from the Slavonic F, but it has the same pronouncing value as the latter letter.
173 Pember.
174 Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray.
CHAPTER IX
THE GREAT BOYARIN
When the people of Moskva became sufficiently familiar with the fact that their terrible Gosoudar was dead and safely buried, even if their imagination could not picture him, as his son had, in his coronation speech, solemnly assured them, “transformed into an angel,” they began to take stock of the men who had replaced him in the government. The effete and placid Thedor was supported by a Douma (Council) of five. Of these Ivan Petrovitch Shouyskie, member of a family which had tasted the sweets of power and drained the dregs of disgrace in the early years of the late reign, had won new consideration and honour by his celebrated defence of Pskov; Mstislavskie was another Rurik-descended boyarin-kniaz; Bogdan Bielskie represented the last of Ivan’s Vremenszhiki; Nikita Romanov was important as maternal uncle of the new Tzar, and Boris Godounov, descendant of a Tartar family Christianised in the fourteenth century,175 stood nearest the throne from the fact of being brother to the Tzaritza Irena.176 The Douma, thus constituted, did not long retain its original formation. A sudden popular commotion in the capital took the form of an ugly rush towards the Kreml; the Kitai-gorod was overrun by a surging mob of many thousands,