THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF S. T. COLERIDGE. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
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poets of the, so called, silver and brazen ages; but with even those of the Augustan æra: and, on grounds of plain sense and universal logic, to see and assert the superiority of the former in the truth and nativeness, both of their thoughts and diction. At the same time that we were studying the Greek tragic poets, he made us read Shakespeare and Milton as lessons; and they were lessons too, which required most time and trouble to ‘bring up’ so as to escape his censure. I learnt from him that Poetry, even that of the loftiest, and, seemingly wildest odes, had a logic of its own, as severe as that of science; and more difficult, because more subtle, more complex, and dependent on more, and more fugitive causes.”
In early life he was remarkably joyous; nature had blessed him with a buoyancy of spirits, and even when suffering, he deceived the partial observer. He delighted many of the strangers he met in his saunterings through the cloisters, arrested and riveted the attention of the passer by, whom, like his “Ancient Mariner,” he held by a spell. His schoolfellow, Lamb, has mentioned him, when under the influence of this power, as the delight of his auditors. In the Elia, he says,
“Come back into memory like as thou wert in the dayspring of thy fancies, with hope, like a fiery column before thee, the dark pillar not yet turned … How have I seen the casual passer through the cloisters stand still, entranced with admiration, (while he weighed the disproportion between the ‘speech’ and the ‘garb’ of the mirandula,) to hear thee unfold, in deep and sweet intonations, the mysteries of Iamblichus or Plotinus, (for even in those years thou waxedst not pale at such philosophic draughts); or reciting Homer in his Greek, or Pindar, while the walls of the old Grey-Friars re-echoed to the accents.”
Middleton was not prepared to sympathise in these flights, considering them subversive of the dignity of a Grecian. Middleton was then on the threshold of the College, and lads in this situation seemed called upon, to preserve with dignity their honours, and with more outward forms than suited their age. This at the time rendered them stiff and unfamiliar, so much so, that within the walls, and in the neighbourhood, it was mistaken for pride, and the words “Proud as a Grecian,” were proverbial. These boys had the dignity of their rising prospects therefore to support — they were the aristocracy of the school. This was a task ill suited to Coleridge; and his flights of fancy, as Lamb termed them, would only produce a shrug of Middleton’s shoulders, and a dread at the prospect of the falling dignity of the school. Middleton’s Poem, in Mr. Trollope’s History of Christ’s Hospital, and its companion that of Coleridge, characterize the two youths, and plainly point out that the selection of these poems was influenced more by a merit belonging purely to talent than from any display of genius in either. The verses of Middleton are more indicative of strength than of power; they are the verses of a well-tutored youth, of commanding talents. Those of Coleridge show more of fancy, but do not exhibit the power he possessed at that age, which will be seen by comparing this poem with many written by him at an earlier period, and now published among his “Juvenile Poems.” Middleton being older than Coleridge was elected first, viz. 26th September, 1788, to Pembroke College, Cambridge. Coleridge left Christ’s Hospital for Jesus’ College, Cambridge, 7th September, 1790, taking leave of his schoolfellows in the following sonnet: —
Farewell, parental scenes! a sad farewell!
To you my grateful heart still fondly clings,
Tho’ fluttering round on Fancy’s burnish’d wings,
Her tales of future joy Hope loves to tell.
Adieu, adieu! ye much loved cloisters pale!
Ah! would those happy days return again,
When ‘neath your arches, free from every stain,
I heard of guilt, and wonder’d at the tale!
Dear haunts! where oft my simple lays I sang,
Listening meanwhile the echoings of my feet,
Lingering I quit you, with as great a pang,
As when ere while, my weeping childhood, torn
By early sorrow from my native seat,
Mingled its tears with hers — my widow’d parent lorn.
‘Poetical Works’, vol. i. p. 31.
[Footnote 1: Bishop Berkeley, in his work (“Siris”) commences with a dissertation on Tar Water, and ends with the Trinity. The Rev. John Coleridge commences his work, entitled “A miscellaneous Dissertation arising from the 17th and 18th chapters of the Book of Judges,” with a well written preface on the Bible, and ends with an advertisement of his school, and his method of teaching Latin.]
[Footnote 2: In 1809, the above whimsical stories were related to me by a gentleman, born in the town of Ottery, and by marriage closely related to the Rev. John Coleridge. While Coleridge resided at Highgate, he also repeated the stories which had grown up with him from boyhood as here related, himself believing them true; but a near relation has lately assured the writer, that some of these stories are told of another most respectable clergyman, residing at that time in the neighbourhood, and ‘he’ believes that they properly belong to him. It is commonly remarked that very studious men, either from inattention, or from ignorance of the conventional forms of society, are regardless of what passes before them. Paying, perhaps, too much attention to their inward feelings or thoughts, seemingly daydreaming — and this may frequently give rise to the stories to be found in many towns besides Ottery. Still, however, thoughtful and contemplative persons are often the quickest observers of the weaknesses of human nature, and yet as they usually make the greatest allowances for every infirmity, they are often impartial judges, and judicious counsellors. The Rev. John Coleridge, though sometimes an absent man, was a most valuable pastor, and on all fitting occasions a good man of business, having conducted several difficult matters of controversy for his parish with great satisfaction to the parties.]
[Footnote 3: Such at least were the recollections of this extraordinary boy of seven years of age.]
[Footnote 4: Quale — quare — quidditive.]
[Footnote 5: He had, before he was six years old, read three times through the Arabian Nights, or rather one of the volumes. — See “‘The Friend’,” vol. i. p. 252, ed. 1818.]
[Footnote 6: I insert a similar observation on his feelings when he first left home. “When I was first plucked up and transplanted from my birth place and family, at the death of my dear father, whose revered image has ever survived in my mind, to make me know what the emotions and affections of a son are, and how ill a father’s place is likely to be supplied by any other relation. Providence (it has often occurred to me) gave the first intimation, that it was my lot, and that it was best for me, to make or find my way of life a detached individual, a Terræ Filius, who was to ask love or service of no one on any more specific relation than that of being a man, and as such to take my chance for the free charities of humanity.”]
[Footnote 7: Whatever might have been his habits in boyhood, in manhood he was ‘scrupulously’ clean in his person, and especially took great care of his hands by frequent ablutions. In his dress also he was as cleanly as the liberal use of snuff would permit, though the clothes-brush was often in requisition to remove the wasted snuff. “Snuff,” he would facetiously say, “was the final cause of the nose, though troublesome and expensive in its use.”]
[Footnote 8: “Jemmy Bowyer,” as he was familiarly called by Coleridge and Lamb, might not inaptly be termed the “plagosus orbilius” of Christ’s Hospital.]
[Footnote 9: In his biographical sketch of his literary life, he informs us that he had translated the eight Hymns of Synesius from the Greek, into English Anacreontica, before his fifteenth year.]
[Footnote 10:
… the childhood shews the man, As morning shews the day …
‘Paradise Regained’, book iv. v. 220.]
[Footnote 11: Aldine Edition, Vol. i. p. 6. — Pickering, London, 1834.]
[Footnote 12: Extract of a note written Dec. 1829.]
[Footnote 13:
“‘Thought’