Folkways. William Graham Sumner
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Relig. Rom., I, 239.
123 Pöhlmann, Die Uebervölkerung d. Antiq. Grossstädte, 12.
124 Seeck, Untergang der Antiq. Welt, I, 258 ff., 278.
125 Ibid., Chap. III.
126 Gunkel, Zum Religions-gesch. Verständniss d. N.T., 19.
127 Seeck, I, 353.
128 Ibid., 364 ff.
129 Hist. Nat., VII, 41, 44, 46, 51, 56.
130 Euripides, Antiope, frag. 32.
131 Burckhardt, Griech. Kulturgesch., II, 375 ff.
132 Ibid., 391.
133 Ibid., 395.
134 Ibid., 397.
135 Beloch, Bevölkerung d. Griech.-Röm. Welt, 157.
136 Polybius, XXVII, 9, 5; Seeck, Untergang d. Antiq. Welt, I, 325, 360.
137 Seeck, I, 355.
138 Seeck, II, Chap. IV; Beloch, Griech. Gesch., I, 226.
139 Burckhardt, Griech. Kulturgesch., I, 222, 237, 259, 273; II, 355, 367, 370.
140 Seeck, I, 337.
141 Burckhardt, I, 139 ff.; Beloch, Griech. Gesch., I, 283, 570; II, 362.
142 W. Rob. Smith, Relig. of the Semites, 260.
143 Od., XXII, 474 ff.
144 Ibid., 412.
145 Iliad, XXII, 395.
146 Iliad, XXIV, 51.
147 Ibid., XXIII, 164.
148 Herodotus, IX, 78.
149 Burckhardt, Griech. Kulturgesch., I, 327.
150 Globus, LXXV, 271.
151 Hubbard, Smithson. Rep., 1895, 673.
152 Herodotus, II, 41.
153 Burckhardt, Griech. Kulturgesch., I, 314.
154 Galton, Inquiries into Human Faculty, 216.
155 Amer. Jo. Sociol., VIII, 408.
156 Kingsley, West African Studies, 377.
157 B. & M. Soc. d'Anthrop., 1901, 362.
158 Portman, Station Studies, 78.
159 Amer. Anthrop., VI, 353, citing Jo. Afr. Soc., 1903, 208.
160 Globus, LXXXVII, 129.
161 Ashton, Social Life in the Time of Queen Anne, Chap. XLI.
162 N.Y. Times, September 19, 1904.
163 Symonds, Catholic Reaction, I, 144.
164 Stoll, Suggestion und Hypnotismus, 248.
CHAPTER III
THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
Tools, Arts, Language, Money
Processes and artifacts of the food supply.—Fishing.—Methods of fishing.—The mystic element.—Religion and industry.—Artifacts and freaks of nature.—Forms of stone axes.—How stone implements are made.—How arrowheads are made.—How stone axes are used.—Acculturation or parallelism.—Fire-making tools.—Psychophysical traits of primitive man.—Language.—Language and magic.—Language is a case of folkways.—Primitive dialects.—Taking up and dropping language.—Pigeon dialects.—How languages grow.—Money.—Intergroup and intragroup money.—Predominant wares.—Intragroup money from property; intergroup money from trade.—Shell and bead money.—Token money.—Selection of a predominant ware.—Stone money in Melanesia.—Plutocratic effects of money.—Money on the northwest coast of North America.—Wampumpeag and roanoke.—Ring money. Use of metal.—The evolution of money.—The ethical functions of money.
122. Processes and artifacts of the food supply. The processes and the artifacts which are connected with food supply offer