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Beninois, FNB), Benin People's Air Force (Force Aerienne

       Populaire de Benin, FAPB) (2008)

      Military service age and obligation:

      21 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; in practice, volunteers may be taken at the age of 18; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2006)

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 1,908,457 females age 16–49: 1,882,421 (2008 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 1,173,742 females age 16–49: 1,162,113 (2008 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 97,543 female: 94,008 (2008 est.)

      Military expenditures:

      1.7% of GDP (2006)

      Transnational Issues

       Benin

      Disputes - international:

      in September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005 ICJ decision; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival cross-border gang clashes; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River

      Refugees and internally displaced persons:

      refugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)

      Illicit drugs:

      transshipment point used by Nigerian traffickers for narcotics destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to poorly enforced financial regulations

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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      @Bermuda

      Introduction

       Bermuda

      Background:

      Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. Although a referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995, the present government has reopened debate on the issue.

      Geography

       Bermuda

      Location:

      North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of

       South Carolina (US)

      Geographic coordinates:

      32 20 N, 64 45 W

      Map references:

      North America

      Area:

      total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      about one-third the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries:

      0 km

      Coastline:

      103 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

      subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

      Terrain:

      low hills separated by fertile depressions

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m

      Natural resources:

      limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

      Land use:

      arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      NA

      Natural hazards:

      hurricanes (June to November)

      Environment - current issues:

      sustainable development

      Geography - note:

      consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995

      People

       Bermuda

      Population:

      66,536 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 18% (male 6,055/female 5,954) 15–64 years: 69.1% (male 22,795/female 23,189) 65 years and over: 12.8% (male 3,728/female 4,815) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 41 years male: 40.1 years female: 41.8 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      0.546% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      11.15 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      7.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      2.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 7.87 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 78.3 years male: 76.15 years female: 80.48 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.88 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.297% (2005)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      163 (2005)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      392 (2005)

      Nationality:

      noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian

      Ethnic groups:

      black 54.8%, white 34.1%, mixed 6.4%, other races 4.3%, unspecified 0.4% (2000 census)

      Religions:

      Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 15%, African Methodist Episcopal 11%, other Protestant 18%, other 12%, unaffiliated 6%, unspecified 1%, none 14% (2000 census)

      Languages:

      English (official), Portuguese

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write

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