The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
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gas - consumption:
1.48 billion cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
1.48 billion cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance:
-$3.771 billion (2007 est.)
Exports:
$11.08 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 33%, wood and paper 15%, textiles 14%, food products 8%, furniture 7%, metals, chemical products (2001)
Exports - partners:
Finland 17.9%, Sweden 13.2%, Latvia 11.4%, Russia 8.9%, Lithuania 5.8%, Germany 5.2%, US 4.1% (2007)
Imports:
$14.75 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles 10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment 8.9% (2001)
Imports - partners:
Finland 15.9%, Germany 12.8%, Sweden 10.1%, Russia 10%, Latvia 7.6%,
Lithuania 6.9%, Poland 4.5% (2007)
Economic aid - recipient:
$135.5 million (2004)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$3.27 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Debt - external:
$24.82 billion (30 June 2007)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$16.59 billion (2007 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$5.873 billion (2007 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$5.963 billion (2006)
Currency (code):
Estonian kroon (EEK)
Currency code:
EEK
Exchange rates:
krooni (EEK) per US dollar - 11.535 (2007), 12.473 (2006), 12.584 (2005), 12.596 (2004), 13.856 (2003) note: the krooni is pegged to the euro
Communications
Estonia
Telephones - main lines in use:
495,500 (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
1.982 million (2007)
Telephone system:
general assessment: foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income-tax returns online, and online voting was used for the first time in the 2005 local elections domestic: a wide range of high quality voice, data, and Internet services is available throughout the country international: country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; 2 international switches are located in Tallinn (2001)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 0, FM 98, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios:
1.01 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
3 (2001)
Televisions:
605,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.ee
Internet hosts:
645,495 (2008)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
38 (2001)
Internet users:
780,000 (2007)
Transportation
Estonia
Airports:
19 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 12 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 3 (2007)
Heliports:
1 (2007)
Pipelines:
gas 859 km (2007)
Railways:
total: 968 km broad gauge: 968 km 1.520 m/1.524-m gauge (2006)
Roadways:
total: 57,016 km paved: 12,926 km (includes 99 km of expressways) unpaved: 44,090 km (2005)
Waterways:
320 km (2006)
Merchant marine:
total: 29 by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 21, petroleum tanker 2, chemical tanker 1 foreign-owned: 4 (Denmark 1, Germany 1, Norway 2) registered in other countries: 85 (Antigua and Barbuda 23, Belize 6, Cyprus 5, Dominica 7, Finland 2, Latvia 2, Liberia 1, Malta 11, Norway 1, Panama 5, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16, Sweden 2, Vanuatu 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Kuivastu, Kunda, Muuga, Tallinn, Virtsu
Military
Estonia
Military branches:
Estonian Defense Forces: Land Force, Navy, Air Force (Eesti
Ohuvagi), Volunteer Defense League (Kaitseliit, KL) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
compulsory military service for men between 19 and 28; conscription lasts 11 months for junior NCOs and reserve platoon leaders; reserve officers and designated specialists have a different conscript service obligation; Estonia has committed to retaining conscription for men up to 2010 and, unlike Latvia and Lithuania, has no plan to transition to a contract armed forces; 17 years of age for volunteers; reserve commitment up to the age of 60 (2006)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16–49: 306,273 females age 16–49: 317,852 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16–49: 218,448 females age 16–49: 264,187 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 8,322 female: 7,846 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
2% of GDP (2005 est.)
Transnational Issues
Estonia
Disputes - international:
Russia recalled its signature to the 1996 technical border agreement with Estonia in 2005, rather than