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- overview:

      France is in the midst of transition from a well-to-do modern economy that has featured extensive government ownership and intervention to one that relies more on market mechanisms. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, banks, and insurers, and has ceded stakes in such leading firms as Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. It maintains a strong presence in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. The telecommunications sector is gradually being opened to competition. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that reduce income disparity and the impact of free markets on public health and welfare. Widespread opposition to labor reform has in recent years hampered the government's ability to revitalize the economy. In 2007, the government launched divisive labor reform efforts that will continue into 2008. France's tax burden remains one of the highest in Europe (nearly 50% of GDP in 2005). France brought the budget deficit within the eurozone's 3%-of-GDP limit for the first time in 2007 and has reduced unemployment to roughly 8%. With at least 75 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism.

      GDP (purchasing power parity):

      $2.075 trillion (2007 est.)

      GDP (official exchange rate):

      $2.56 trillion (2007 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

      2.1% (2007 est.)

      GDP - per capita (PPP):

      $32,600 (2007 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector:

      agriculture: 2.2% industry: 20.6% services: 77.2% (2007 est.)

      Labor force:

      27.91 million (2007 est.)

      Labor force - by occupation:

      agriculture: 4.1% industry: 24.4% services: 71.5% (1999)

      Unemployment rate:

      7.9% (2007 est.)

      Population below poverty line:

      6.2% (2004)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

      lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 24.8% (2004)

      Distribution of family income - Gini index:

      28 (2005)

      Investment (gross fixed):

      21.5% of GDP (2007 est.)

      Budget:

      revenues: $1.287 trillion expenditures: $1.356 trillion (2007 est.)

      Fiscal year:

      calendar year

      Public debt:

      63.9% of GDP (2007 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

      1.5% (2007 est.)

      Central bank discount rate:

      NA

      Commercial bank prime lending rate:

      7.28% (31 December 2007)

      Stock of money:

      NA note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the Euro Area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 15 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money and quasi money circulating within their own borders

      Stock of quasi money:

      NA

      Stock of domestic credit:

      $4.105 trillion (31 December 2007)

      Agriculture - products:

      wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish

      Industries:

      machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism

      Industrial production growth rate:

      1.8% (2007 est.)

      Electricity - production:

      537.9 billion kWh (2007 est.)

      Electricity - consumption:

      447.3 billion kWh (2006 est.)

      Electricity - exports:

      67.6 billion kWh (2007 est.)

      Electricity - imports:

      10.78 billion kWh (2007 est.)

      Electricity - production by source:

      fossil fuel: 8.2% hydro: 14% nuclear: 77.1% other: 0.7% (2001)

      Oil - production:

      69,680 bbl/day (2007 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

      1.95 million bbl/day (2007 est.)

      Oil - exports:

      584,700 bbl/day (2005)

      Oil - imports:

      2.465 million bbl/day (2005)

      Oil - proved reserves:

      119.8 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.)

      Natural gas - production:

      953 million cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - consumption:

      42.69 billion cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - exports:

      966 million cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - imports:

      42.9 billion cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - proved reserves:

      7.277 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)

      Current account balance:

      -$31.25 billion (2007 est.)

      Exports:

      $546 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

      machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages

      Exports - partners:

      Germany 14.9%, Spain 9.3%, Italy 8.9%, UK 8.1%, Belgium 7.3%, US 6.1%, Netherlands 4.1% (2007)

      Imports:

      $600.9 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

      machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals

      Imports - partners:

      Germany 18.9%, Belgium 11.4%, Italy 8.4%, Spain 7.1%, Netherlands 7%, UK 5.6%, US 4.4%, China 4% (2007)

      Economic aid - donor:

      ODA, $10.6 billion (2006)

      Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

      $115.7 billion (2006 est.)

      Debt - external:

      $4.396 trillion (30 June 2007)

      Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

      $942.3 billion (2007 est.)

      Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

      $1.307

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