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for children trafficked from other African countries for the purpose of forced labor; girls are primarily trafficked for domestic servitude, forced market vending, forced restaurant labor, and sexual exploitation, while boys are trafficked for forced street hawking and forced labor in small workshops tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Gabon is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking in 2007, particularly in terms of efforts to convict and punish trafficking offenders; the government has not reported the convictions or sentences of any trafficking offenders; the government did not take steps to reduce demand for commercial sex acts (2008)

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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      @Gambia, The

      Introduction

       Gambia, The

      Background:

      The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty, but tensions have flared up intermittently since then. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH led a military coup in 1994 that overthrew the president and banned political activity. A new constitution and presidential elections in 1996, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. JAMMEH has been elected president in all subsequent elections, including most recently in late 2006.

      Geography

       Gambia, The

      Location:

      Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal

      Geographic coordinates:

      13 28 N, 16 34 W

      Map references:

      Africa

      Area:

      total: 11,300 sq km land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly less than twice the size of Delaware

      Land boundaries:

      total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km

      Coastline:

      80 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: extent not specified

      Climate:

      tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)

      Terrain:

      flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 53 m

      Natural resources:

      fish, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon, silica sand, clay, petroleum

      Land use:

      arable land: 27.88% permanent crops: 0.44% other: 71.68% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      20 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      8 cu km (1982)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 0.03 cu km/yr (23%/12%/65%) per capita: 20 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)

      Environment - current issues:

      deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa

      People

       Gambia, The

      Population:

      1,735,464 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 43.9% (male 382,385/female 378,853) 15–64 years: 53.4% (male 459,315/female 466,689) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 24,303/female 23,919) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 17.9 years male: 17.7 years female: 18 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      2.724% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      38.36 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 68.72 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 54.95 years male: 53.06 years female: 56.9 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      5.13 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      1.2% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      6,800 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      600 (2003 est.)

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008)

      Nationality:

      noun: Gambian(s) adjective: Gambian

      Ethnic groups:

      African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% (2003 census)

      Religions:

      Muslim 90%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 2%

      Languages:

      English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 40.1% male: 47.8% female: 32.8% (2003 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 7 years male: 7 years female: 7 years (2004)

      Education expenditures:

      2%

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