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      Oil - proved reserves:

      367 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.)

      Natural gas - production:

      17.96 billion cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - consumption:

      97.44 billion cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - exports:

      12.22 billion cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - imports:

      88.35 billion cu m (2007 est.)

      Natural gas - proved reserves:

      254.8 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)

      Current account balance:

      $254.5 billion (2007 est.)

      Exports:

      $1.354 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

      machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles

      Exports - partners:

      France 9.7%, US 7.5%, UK 7.3%, Italy 6.7%, Netherlands 6.4%, Austria 5.4%, Belgium 5.3%, Spain 5% (2007)

      Imports:

      $1.075 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

      machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

      Imports - partners:

      Netherlands 12%, France 8.6%, Belgium 7.8%, China 6.2%, Italy 5.8%,

       UK 5.6%, US 4.5%, Austria 4.4% (2007)

      Economic aid - donor:

      ODA, $10.44 billion (2006)

      Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

      $136.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

      Debt - external:

      $4.489 trillion (30 June 2007)

      Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

      $855.8 billion (2007 est.)

      Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

      $1.218 trillion (2007 est.)

      Market value of publicly traded shares:

      $1.221 trillion (2005)

      Currency (code):

      euro (EUR)

      Currency code:

      EUR

      Exchange rates:

      euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

      Communications

       Germany

      Telephones - main lines in use:

      53.75 million (2007)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

      97.151 million (2007)

      Telephone system:

      general assessment: Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part domestic: Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries international: country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2001)

      Radio broadcast stations:

      AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4 (1998)

      Radios:

      77.8 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

      373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995)

      Televisions:

      51.4 million (1998)

      Internet country code:

      .de

      Internet hosts:

      22.606 million (2008)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

      200 (2001)

      Internet users:

      42.5 million (2007)

      Transportation

       Germany

      Airports:

      550 (2007)

      Airports - with paved runways:

      total: 331 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 52 1,524 to 2,437 m: 58 914 to 1,523 m: 72 under 914 m: 135 (2007)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

      total: 219 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 34 under 914 m: 181 (2007)

      Heliports:

      28 (2007)

      Pipelines:

      condensate 37 km; gas 25,094 km; oil 3,546 km; refined products 3,828 km (2007)

      Railways:

      total: 48,215 km standard gauge: 47,962 km 1.435-m gauge (20,278 km electrified) narrow gauge: 229 km 1.000-m gauge (16 km electrified); 24 km 0.750-m gauge (2006)

      Roadways:

      total: 644,480 km paved: 644,480 km (includes 12,400 km of expressways) note: includes local roads (2006)

      Waterways:

      7,467 km note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea (2006)

      Merchant marine:

      total: 393 by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 43, chemical tanker 13, container 284, liquefied gas 5, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 27, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 3 foreign-owned: 11 (China 2, Cyprus 2, Denmark 1, Finland 4, Netherlands 1, Sweden 1) registered in other countries: 2,998 (Antigua and Barbuda 941, Australia 2, Bahamas 44, Bermuda 22, Brazil 6, Bulgaria 63, Burma 1, Canada 3, Cayman Islands 15, Cyprus 189, Denmark 9, Denmark 1, Estonia 1, Finland 1, France 1, Georgia 2, Gibraltar 129, Hong Kong 6, India 2, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 56, Jamaica 4, Liberia 849, Luxembourg 5, Malaysia 1, Malta 91, Marshall Islands 235, Mongolia 4, Morocco 2, Netherlands 75, Netherlands Antilles 43, Norway 1, NZ 1, Panama 44, Portugal 2, Portugal 18, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Singapore 24, Slovakia 3, Spain 1, Spain 4, Sri Lanka 5, Sweden 5, Turkey 1, UK 76, US 5) (2008)

      Ports and terminals:

      Bremen, Bremerhaven, Duisburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Lubeck, Rostock,

       Wilhemshaven

      Military

       Germany

      Military branches:

      Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche

       Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe), Central

       Medical Service (Zentraler Sanitaetsdienst) (2008)

      Military service age and obligation:

      18 years of age (conscripts serve a 9-month tour of compulsory military service) (2004)

      Manpower

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