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96% male: 97.8% female: 94.2% (2001 census)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 17 years male: 17 years female: 17 years (2006)

      Education expenditures:

      4.4% of GDP (2005)

      Government

       Greece

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Hellenic Republic conventional short form: Greece local long form: Elliniki Dhimokratia local short form: Ellas or Ellada former: Kingdom of Greece

      Government type:

      parliamentary republic

      Capital:

      name: Athens geographic coordinates: 37 59 N, 23 44 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

      Administrative divisions:

      51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos) and 1 autonomous region*;

       Achaia, Agion Oros* (Mt. Athos), Aitolia kai Akarnania, Argolis,

       Arkadia, Arta, Attiki, Chalkidiki, Chanion, Chios, Dodekanisos,

       Drama, Evros, Evrytania, Evvoia, Florina, Fokidos, Fthiotis,

       Grevena, Ileia, Imathia, Ioannina, Irakleion, Karditsa, Kastoria,

       Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkyra, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Kyklades,

       Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lefkas, Lesvos, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella,

       Pieria, Preveza, Rethynnis, Rodopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia,

       Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakynthos

      Independence:

      1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)

      National holiday:

      Independence Day, 25 March (1821)

      Constitution:

      11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

      Legal system:

      based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

      Suffrage:

      18 years of age; universal and compulsory

      Executive branch:

      chief of state: President Karolos PAPOULIAS (since 12 March 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Konstandinos (Kostas) KARAMANLIS (since 7 March 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 8 February 2005 (next to be held by February 2010); according to the Greek Constitution, presidents may only serve two terms; president appoints leader of the party securing plurality of vote in election to become prime minister and form a government election results: Karolos PAPOULIAS elected president; number of parliamentary votes, 279 out of 300

      Legislative branch:

      unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: elections last held 16 September 2007 (next to be held by 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - ND 41.8%, PASOK 38.1%, KKE 8.2%, Synaspismos 5%, LAOS 3.8%, other 3.1%; seats by party - ND 152, PASOK 102, KKE 22, Synaspismos 14, LAOS 10

      Judicial branch:

      Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council

      Political parties and leaders:

      Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Alekos ALAVANOS];

       Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; New Democracy or

       ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Panhellenic Socialist

       Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU]; Popular Orthodox Rally or

       LAOS [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

      Civil Servants Confederation or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS];

       Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Dimitris DASKALOPOULOS];

       General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS]

      International organization participation:

      Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU,

       FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,

       IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU,

       ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer),

       OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI, UN, UNCTAD,

       UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIS, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WEU,

       WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

      chief of mission: Ambassador Alexandros P. MALLIAS chancery: 2217 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939–1300 FAX: [1] (202) 939–1324 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Tampa consulate(s): Atlanta, Houston

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

      chief of mission: Ambassador Daniel V. SPECKHARD embassy: 91 Vasilisis Sophias Avenue, 10160 Athens mailing address: PSC 108, APO AE 09842–0108 telephone: [30] (210) 721–2951 FAX: [30] (210) 645–6282 consulate(s) general: Thessaloniki

      Flag description:

      nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country

      Economy

       Greece

      Economy - overview:

      Greece has a capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for about 40% of GDP and with per capita GDP at least 75% of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 15% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in agricultural and unskilled jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of annual GDP. The Greek economy grew by nearly 4.0% per year between 2003 and 2007, due partly to infrastructural spending related to the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, and in part to an increased availability of credit, which has sustained record levels of consumer spending. Greece violated the EU's Growth and Stability Pact budget deficit criteria of no more than 3% of GDP from 2001 to 2006, but finally met that criteria in 2007. Public debt, inflation, and unemployment are above the euro-zone average, but are falling. The Greek Government continues to grapple with cutting government spending, reducing the size of the public sector, and reforming the labor and pension systems, in the face of often vocal opposition from the country's powerful labor unions and the general public. The economy remains an important domestic political issue in Greece and, while the ruling New Democracy government has had some success in improving economic growth and reducing the budget deficit, Athens faces long-term challenges in its effort to continue its economic reforms, especially social security reform and privatization.

      GDP (purchasing power parity):

      $327.6 billion (2007 est.)

      GDP (official exchange rate):

      $314.6 billion (2007 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

      4% (2007 est.)

      GDP - per capita (PPP):

      $30,600

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