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      Location: 12 10 S, 44 15 E—Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique

      Flag——

      Description: green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing downward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992

      Geography————

      Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique

       Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and

       northern Mozambique

      Geographic coordinates: 12 10 S, 44 15 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total area: 2,170 sq km

       land area: 2,170 sq km

       comparative area: slightly more than 12 times the size of

       Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 340 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      International disputes: claims French-administered Mayotte

      Climate: tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)

      Terrain: volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to

       low hills

       lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Mount Kartala 2,360 m

      Natural resources: negligible

      Land use:

       arable land: 35%

       permanent crops: 8%

       meadows and pastures: 7%

       forest and woodland: 16%

       other: 34%

      Irrigated land: NA sq km

      Environment:

       current issues: soil degradation and erosion results from crop

       cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation

       natural hazards: cyclones and tsunamis possible during rainy season

       (December to April); Mount Kartala on Grand Comore is an active

       volcano

       international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer

       Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

      Geographic note: important location at northern end of Mozambique

       Channel

      People———

      Population: 569,237 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 48% (male 137,235; female 136,207)

       15–64 years: 49% (male 138,447; female 142,058)

       65 years and over: 3% (male 7,242; female 8,048) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 3.55% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 45.82 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 10.28 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 75.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.7 years male: 56.43 years female: 61.05 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 6.65 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran

      Ethnic divisions: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava

      Religions: Sunni Muslim 86%, Roman Catholic 14%

      Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend

       of Swahili and Arabic)

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 57.3%

       male: 64.2%

       female: 50.4%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros

       conventional short form: Comoros

       local long form: Republique Federale Islamique des Comores

       local short form: Comores

      Data code: CN

      Type of government: independent republic

      Capital: Moroni

      Administrative divisions: three islands; Grand Comore (Njazidja),

       Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali)

       note: there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni,

       Moroni, and Mutsamudu

      Independence: 6 July 1975 (from France)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 6 July (1975)

      Constitution: 7 June 1992

      Legal system: French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: President Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim (since 16 March

       1996) was elected by popular vote; election last held 16 March 1996

       (next to be held March 2001)

       head of government: Prime Minister MASSOUNDI Tadjidine Ben Said

       (since March 1996) was appointed by the president

       cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

      Legislative branch: unicameral

       Federal Assembly (Assemblee Federale): elections last held 12–20

       December 1993 (next to be held by NA January 1998); results -

       percent of vote by party NA; seats - (42 total) ruling coalition:

       RDR 15, UNDC 5, MWANGAZA 2; opposition: UDZIMA 8; other smaller

       parties: 10; two seats remained unfilled

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme), two members are

       appointed by the president, two members are elected by the Federal

       Assembly, one by the Council of each island, plus all the former

       presidents of the republic

      Political parties and leaders: Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party

       (CHUMA), Said Ali KEMAL; over 20 political parties are currently

      

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