1 Chapter 1A cultural studies model of encoding and decoding.Producers, texts, and spe...Scar’s moronic and evil sidekicks are voiced by actors of color, Whoopi Gol...Uncle Scar preens with an arched eyebrow (a stereotypical signifier of male...Pop music superstar Beyoncé starred as the voice of Nala in Disney’s CGI re...

      2 Chapter 2In Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), the white male hero protect...Arcades filled with Thomas Edison’s Kinetoscopes, such as this one in New Y...The Comet Theatre in New York City was a typical nickelodeon; note the pric...This interior shot of the Majestic Theatre shows the size and opulence of a...During Hollywood’s classical era, the studios (such as Metro‐Goldwyn‐Mayer)...John Garfield was a popular Hollywood actor whose career was destroyed by t...Rocky (1976) is a good example of the nostalgic Hollywood blockbuster, a ty...The typical concept of the U.S. television audience in 1959: a white, middl...Chadwick Boseman as T’Challa in the popular and high‐grossing Black Panther

      3 Chapter 3Going My Way (1944) told the story of two generations of Irish American pri...John Ford’s The Quiet Man (1952) showed John Wayne’s Irish American attempt...Edward G. Robinson played Italian American mobster Rico Bandello in one of ...Even in the New Hollywood, filmmakers still associated Italian American cul...Egyptian‐born Omar Sharif, seen here as Jewish entrepreneur Nicky Arnstein ...Jolson in blackface as Jake Rabinowitz/Jack Robin in his most famous role, Rami Malek in his Oscar‐winning role as Queen vocalist Freddie Mercury in B...

      4 Chapter 4In The Birth of a Nation (1915), a mulatto rabble rouser played by a white ...Stepin Fetchit was a character actor from the 1930s whose “Coon” roles made...Bill “Bojangles” Robinson, seen here as a butler in the Shirley Temple film...Pinky (1949) was a postwar social problem film that explored contemporary r...Dorothy Dandridge was one of Hollywood’s first African American leading lad...Successful 1960s leading man Sidney Poitier often portrayed educated and po...Kerry Washington starred in the hit TV show Scandal (2012–18), created by A...Spike Lee is seen here on the set of Get On the Bus (1996), one of his more...Ava Duvernay’s films and television projects include Selma (2014), 13^th (20...John David Washington and Adam Driver starred in Spike Lee’s BlacKkKlansman

      5 Chapter 5In the TV series The Lone Ranger, the hero (Clayton Moore) was accompanied ...Latino actors Gilbert Roland and Dolores Del Rio were hired to play Native ...Russell Means, founder of the AIM (American Indian Movement), later became ...Graham Greene in The Education of Little Tree (1997), an independent film t...Adam Beach and Evan Adams play two young men on a journey in Smoke Signals ...The Native American characters in the Twilight franchise (2008–12) are also...Cherokee American actor Wes Studi has appeared in films since the late 1980...

      6 Chapter 6Swedish actor Warner Oland, seen here in character makeup (“yellowface”) fo...British actor Boris Karloff, seen here in character makeup (“yellowface”) f...Anna May Wong (born Wong Liu Tsong) was a Chinese American actress who brie...Keye Luke was one of the most successful Chinese American actors of the cla...Director Mira Nair on the set of Mississippi Masala (1991), a popular indep...Ang Lee, the director of Sense and Sensibility (1995), The Ice Storm (1997)...James Wan is well known for directing horror films like Saw (2004) and The ...In the popular rom‐com Crazy Rich Asians (2018), Nick (Henry Golding) share...

      7 Chapter 7Ramon Novarro was one of the leading Latin Lovers of 1920s Hollywood cinema...Dolores Del Rio briefly became a leading lady in classical Hollywood cinema...International leading man, character actor, and founder of Nosotros, Ricard...Director Robert Rodriguez, seen here on the set of his Mexican American vam...Part of the extended Sanchez family in Gregory Nava’s My Family/Mi Familia ...Mexican filmmaker Guillermo del Toro is best known for his stylish award‐wi...Spanish actress Paz Vega plays Flor, an undocumented Mexican who works as a...

      8 Chapter 8Harold Lloyd (right) was silent cinema’s middle‐class everyman. His predica...Charlie Chaplin’s “Little Tramp,” seen here in The Gold Rush (1925), acknow...The romance between Clark Gable’s newspaper reporter and Claudette Colbert’...Members of the cast of The Grapes of Wrath (1940), one of the few American ...

      9 Chapter 9Easy Rider (1969) was a pessimistic account of the American Dream gone sour...The Honeymooners was a very popular 1950s television sitcom that centered o...Based on a true story, Norma Rae (1979) starred Sally