Cognitive Engineering for Next Generation Computing. Группа авторов

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Cognitive Engineering for Next Generation Computing - Группа авторов


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      Dr. Daniel Kahneman is a Nobel Prize winner in economic sciences in 2002 had paved a way for the cognitive computing approach. He had made a lot of research in the area of psychology of judgment and decision making [11]. The approach is divided into two systems: 1. Intuitive thinking and 2. Controlled andrulecentric thinking.

      System 1: Intuitive thinking

      System 2: Controlled and rulecentric thinking.

      In this process, the reasoning is based on an additional premeditated process. This conclusion is made by taking into consideration both observations and test assumptions, rather than simply what is understood. In this type of system the thinking process to get a postulation, it uses a simulation model and observes the results of that particular statement. To do this a lot of data is required and a model is built to test the perceptions made by System 1. Consider the treatment of cancer patients in which a large number of ways and drugs are available to treat the patients. The cancer drugs not only kill the cancer cells but also kill the healthy cells, making the patient feel the side effects of it. When a drug company comes with any novel drug it tests on animals, records its results, and then it is tested on humans. After a long verification of the data checking the side effects of the drug on the other parts of the body, the government permits to release the drug into the market where it takes a long time from research to availability of that drug. In System 1 when a drug can destroy the cancer cells it determines it can be put onto the market. It is completely biased. System 2 will not conclude as of System 1, it collects the data from various sources, refines it, and then it comes to a conclusion. Although this process is slow it is important to study all the things before jumping to a conclusion. One of the most complex problems is predicting the outcomes as many factors can affect the outcomes. So, it is very important to merge the spontaneous thinking with the computational models.

      1 Learn

      2 Model

      3 Hypothesis generation.

      1 Learn: The cognitive framework must be able to learn. The framework use information to make inductions about an area, a theme, an individual, or an issue dependent on preparing and perceptions from all assortments, volumes, and speed of information.

      2 Model: To learn, the framework it requires to make a model or portrayal of a domain which incorporates interior and conceivably exterior information and presumptions that direct what realizing calculations are utilized. Understanding the setting of how the information fits into the model is critical to a cognitive framework.

      3 Generate hypotheses: A cognitive framework expects that there will be several solutions or answers to a question. The most fitting answer depends on the information itself. In this way, an intellectual framework is probabilistic. A theory is an up-and-comer clarification for a portion of the information previously comprehended. A cognitive framework utilizes the information to prepare, test, or score speculation.

      The main focus of cognitive computing is on processing methods, here the data that is to be processed need not be big. The most important thing in understanding the working of the brain is how a brain can decode the image and it is well known that 20% of the brain working function is allocated for the vision and the working of the brain in the image processing is highly efficient. The brain can do things with limited data and even the limited memory is not affecting the cognition of image information. Cognitive science helps to develop the algorithms required for cognitive computing, making the machines to function like a human brain to some degree of extending [14]. The only way to build up the computers to compute as a human brain is to understand and cognize the things and surroundings in the perspective of how a human brain thinks. The cognitive computing is very much important and critical to building up the cognition of a machine and thereby making it to understand the requirements of humans [15]. There is a necessity to make the machines think like humans and they must be able to make decisions and have some intelligence as of humans, of course, a lot of improvement is to be made in this field. With the help of the present techniques, it is possible to make machines think like


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