Emerging Technologies for Healthcare. Группа авторов
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-79172-0
Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
The use of computing technologies in the healthcare domain has been creating new avenues for facilitating the work of healthcare professionals. Several computing technologies, such as machine learning and virtual reality, have been flourishing and in turn creating new possibilities. Computing algorithms, methodologies and approaches are being used to provide accurate, stable and prompt results. Moreover, deep learning, an advanced learning technique, is striving to enable computing models to mimic the behavior of the human brain; and the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the computer network consisting of “things” or physical objects in addition to sensors, software or methods, is connecting to and exchanging data with other devices. Therefore, the primary focus of this book, Emerging Technologies for Healthcare, is to discuss the use and applications of these IoT and deep learning approaches for providing automated healthcare solutions.
Our motivation behind writing this book was to provide insight gained by analyzing data and information, and in the end provide feasible solutions through various machine learning approaches and apply them to disease analysis and prediction. An example of this is employing a three-dimensional matrix approach for treating chronic kidney disease, the diagnosis and prognostication of acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) and autism spectrum disorder, and the detection of pneumonia. In addition to this, providing healthcare solutions for post COVID-19 outbreaks through various suitable approaches is also highlighted. Furthermore, a detailed detection mechanism is discussed which is used to come up with solutions for predicting personality through handwriting recognition; and novel approaches for sentiment analysis are also discussed with sufficient data and its dimensions.
This book not only covers theoretical approaches and algorithms, but also contains the sequence of steps used to analyze problems with data, processes, reports, and optimization techniques. It will serve as a single source for solving various problems via machine learning algorithms. In brief, this book starts with an IoT-based solution for the automated healthcare sector and extends to providing solutions with advanced deep learning techniques.
Here, we would like to take the opportunity to acknowledge the assistance and contributions of all those engaged in this project. We especially would like to thank our authors for contributing their valuable work, without which it would have been impossible to complete this book. We express our special and most sincere thanks to the reviewers involved in the review process who contributed their time and expertise to improving the quality, consistency, and arrangement of the chapters. We also would like to take the opportunity to express our thanks to the team at Scrivener Publishing for giving the book its final shape and introducing it to the public.
Editors Monika Mangla, Nonita Sharma, Poonam Mittal, Vaishali Mehta Wadhwa, Thirunavukkarasu K. and Shahnawaz Khan
1
An Overview of IoT in Health Sectors
Sheeba P. S.
Department of Electronics Engineering, Lokmanya Tilak
College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India
Abstract
In the recent past, several technological developments have happened owing to the growing demand for connected devices. Applications of Internet of Things (IoT) are vast, and it is used in several fields including home-automation, automated machines, agriculture, finance sectors, and smart cities. Life style diseases are increasing among urban population and lot of money is spent for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Adaption of IoTs in health sectors enables real-time monitoring of the patients and alerts the patients for health checkups whenever required and communicate the information from time to time. During pandemic situations like Covid-19 which we are facing today, the need for IoT-enabled services in health sector is essential as the doctors have to treat the patients from remote locations. The connected devices can help in surveillance and disease control, keep track of nutritional needs, mental health, stress management, emergency services, etc., which will lead to an efficient health management system. This article gives an overview of applications of IoT in health sectors and how it can be used for sustainable development and also addresses various challenges involved in it. Efficient use of IoT in health sectors can benefit healthcare professionals, patients, insurance companies, etc.
Keywords: IoT, healthcare, smart gadgets, health monitoring
1.1 Introduction
Due to the increase in awareness of a healthy life style, the number of people depending on smart devices for monitoring their health is increasing day by day. IoT devices have become very essential to be the part of daily life in this technological advanced world. Various advancements are happening in the healthcare sectors from the recent past. With the advancement in technology in the use of IoTs integrated with Artificial Intelligence, a major digital transformation is happening in the healthcare sector. Various research is going on in this area which will add new dimensions to the healthcare system.
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have also been used extensively in healthcare services due to the advancement in technology. A survey on healthcare application based on WBAN is discussed in [1]. The paper also analyses the privacy and security features that arises by the use of IoTs in healthcare systems.
Use of RFID has become very common owing to the extensive applications of IoTs. A survey on RFID applications for gathering information about the living environment and body centric systems is discussed in [2]. The challenges and open research opportunities are also discussed in the article.
Various research is ongoing on to find the methods to improve the monitoring and tracking of the patients in an efficient manner. In [3], a novel IoT-aware smart architecture is proposed to monitor and track the patients. A smart hospital system is proposed which can collect real-time data and environmental factors by making use of ultra-low power hybrid sensing network.
A secure IoT-based healthcare system which operates with body sensor network architecture is introduced in [4]. Two communication mechanisms for authenticity and secured communication is addressed. The proposed method was implemented and tested using a Raspberry Pi platform.
In [5], authors address a survey paper on the IoT research and the discusses about the challenges, strengths and suitability of IoT healthcare devices and mentions about the future research directions.
One of the challenges faced by the IoT systems is regarding the security and privacy of data. In [6], the authors proposed a hybrid model for securing the medical images data. This model aims to hide the confidential patient data from the image while transmitting it.
Wireless body networks are becoming popular with the increased use of IoT smart devices. In [7], a solar energy powered wearable sensor node is addressed. At various positions of the body multiple sensors are deployed and a web-based application is used for displaying sensor data. Experiment results achieved good results