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de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana

      Santiago

      Chile

       Hieu V. Nguyen

      The University of Danang – Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

      Da Nang

      Vietnam

       Qiang Ni

      School of Computing and Communications

      Lancaster University

      Lancaster

      UK

       Phu X. Nguyen

      Department of Computer Fundamentals, FPT University

      Ho Chi Minh City

      Vietnam

       Van‐Dinh Nguyen

      Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg

      Luxembourg

       Oluwakayode Onireti

      James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow

      Glasgow

      UK

      and

      Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University

      Sukkur

      Pakistan

       Barsocchi Paolo

      Institute of Information Science and Technologies (ISTI) and Institute of Science and Technologies for Energy and Sustainable Mobility, National Research Council (CNR)

      Pisa

      Italy

       Haris Pervaiz

      School of Computing and Communications

      Lancaster University

      Lancaster

      UK

       Olaoluwa Popoola

      James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow

      Glasgow

      UK

       Tharindu D. Ponnimbaduge Perera

      Department of Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Robotics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

      Tomsk

      Russian Federation

       Adithya Popuri

      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University

      Stillwater, OK

      USA

       Saad Qaisar

      School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science (SEECS) National University of Sciences and Technology

      Islamabad

      Pakistan

      and

      Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

      University of Jeddah

      Jeddah

      Saudi Arabia

       Marwa Qaraqe

      Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)

      Doha

      Qatar

       Navuday Sharma

      Test Software Development Ericsson Eesti AS

      Tallinn

      Estonia

       Richard D. Souza

      Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina

      Florianóplis

      Brazil

       Muhammad K. Shehzad

      School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

      Islamabad

      Pakistan

       Oh‐Soon Shin

      School of Electronic Engineering Soongsil University

      Seoul

      South Korea

       Sean Thalken

      Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of the Pacific

      Stockton, CA

      USA

       Jason To‐Tran

      Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of the Pacific

      Stockton, CA

      USA

       Christopher Uramoto

      Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of the Pacific

      Stockton, CA

      USA

       Muhammad Usman

      Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)

      Doha

      Qatar

       Surbhi Vishwakarma

      School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University

      Stillwater, OK

      USA

       Davis Young

      Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of the Pacific

      Stockton, CA

      USA

       Lei Zhang

      Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering Department University of Glasgow

      Glasgow

      UK

1 Introduction

       Muhammad A. Imran, Oluwakayode Onireti, Shuja S. Ansari and Qammer H. Abbasi

       James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

      Airborne networks (ANs) are now playing an increasingly crucial role in military, civilian, and public applications such as surveillance and monitoring, military, and rescue operations. More recently, airborne networks have also become a topic of interest in the industrial and research community of wireless communication. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardization has a study item devoted to facilitating the seamless integration of airborne wireless networks into future cellular networks. Airborne wireless networks enabled by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide cost‐effective and reliable wireless communications to support various use cases in future networks. Compared with high‐altitude platforms or conventional terrestrial communications, the provision of on‐demand communication systems with UAVs has faster deployment time and more flexibility in terms of reconfiguration. Further, UAV‐enabled propagation can also offer better communication channels due to the existence of the line‐of‐sight (LoS) links, which are of short range.

Despite the several benefits of airborne wireless networks, they suffer from some realistic constraints such as being

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