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False negative possible if sample inadequate or due to antifungal therapy administration www.idexx.com Provided by many research institutions and universities. PCRs are available for common dermatologically relevant fungi. Panfungal PCR for identification and sequencing of numerous fungi is available through some laboratories such as the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. Refer to diagnostic laboratories at large research institutions nearest you for more information, especially in regard to each test's sensitivity and specificity. While most PCRs are highly sensitive and specific, remember that presence of DNA can represent contamination of the sample or the presence of nonviable fungi. Results should be correlated with clinical findings, cytology, histopathology, and even culture when possible Oomycete ELISA Auburn University Infectious Disease Laboratory Pan American Veterinary Laboratories Serum Percent positivity correlates with quantity of anti‐Pythium sp. antibodies in sample http://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/academic‐departments/dept‐of‐pathobiology/diagnostic‐services www.pavlab.com Oomycete PCR Texas A&M Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory: Panfungal PCR Tissue Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue and unstained slides are used to detect and identify oomycete DNA http://tvmdl.tamu.edu Viral PCR IDEXX: RealPCR Test Whole blood (EDTA) Positive indicates presence of DNA from canine and feline herpesvirus, canine distemper virus, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, or feline coronavirus www.idexx.com Provided by many research institutions and universities. PCRs are available for common dermatologically relevant viruses. Refer to diagnostic laboratories at large research institutions nearest you for more information. Additional molecular diagnostics IHC Commonly used for diagnostic purposes. Provided by many research institutions and universities. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains to distinguish different cellular markers as well as different infectious organisms are available. Refer to commercial and university diagnostic laboratories nearest you for more information IF Not commonly used or provided for diagnostic purposes. Immunofluorescence (IF) is primarily used by research institutions to distinguish different cellular markers, autoantibodies, proteins, receptors, and infectious organisms Flow cytometry Commonly utilized for diagnostic and research purposes. Provided by many research institutions and universities. Most commonly used for cell sorting of immune cells, particularly when describing and diagnosing certain neoplastic and autoimmune conditions. Refer to diagnostic laboratories at large research institutions nearest you for more information TEM Not commonly used or provided for diagnostic purposes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is primarily used by research institutions to distinguish different cellular markers, autoantibodies, proteins, receptors, and infectious organisms Molecular diagnostics for genetic mutations – USA Most of these tests use a combination of techniques such as PCR, whole‐genome sequencing, whole‐exome sequencing, DNA profiling, etc. Genetic testing available outside of the USA can be found here: https://www.vet.upenn.edu/research/academic‐departments/clinical‐sciences‐advanced‐medicine/research‐labs‐centers/penngen/tests‐worldwide Laboratory Tests available Sample required Information obtained Website Animal Genetics Acral mutilation syndrome, canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency, cyclic neutropenia/gray collie syndrome, dermatomyositis, hereditary nasal parakeratosis, ichthyosis (American bulldog and golden retriever), multidrug resistance (MDR1), Musladin‐Lueke syndrome, oculocutaneous albinism (Doberman pinscher) Many sample types are acceptable, including cheek swab, blood card, and blood swab. Contact laboratory regarding specific sample depending on test Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder www.animalgenetics.us DNA Diagnostics Center Hereditary nasal parakeratosis, multidrug resistance (MDR1) Cheek swab Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder http://dnacenter.com/testing‐pets‐vets Embark (partnership with Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine) Multidisease screening. Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, ectodermal dysplasia (skin fragility syndrome), ichthyosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratotic ichythyosis, focal non‐epidermolytic ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, pachyonychia congenita, hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis, hereditary nasal parakeratosis, Musladin‐Lueke syndrome, and bald thigh syndrome. Additional unlisted genetic tests are available by contacting the laboratory Cheek swab Whole‐genomic sequencing with microarray SNP chip technology. Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder http://embarkvet.com IDEXX Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) in US laboratory; junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB1 and JEB2), hereditary nasal parakeratosis, dry eye curly coat syndrome, ichthyosis, and Musladin‐Lueke syndrome (beagle) in European laboratory Whole blood (EDTA) or cheek swab PCR test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder www.idexx.com Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Switzerland Genomic sequencing and DNA analysis Many sample types permitted. Contact laboratory regarding specific sample depending on test

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