North American Agroforestry. Группа авторов
Читать онлайн книгу.practices can be applied. Second, we must educate and train professionals who are capable of applying agroforestry research methodologies and results to real‐world situations and, of course, assure employment opportunities for them at the end of their schooling. Third, we must cultivate and support a group of practitioners willing to work with researchers to test and evaluate new technologies. Fourth, we must educate the general public to understand the need to support the development of sustainable land use management systems like agroforestry and to appreciate the unique value of products from such systems. Lastly, collaboration must be stimulated among key individuals and organizations to further the ideals and practice of domestic agroforestry: extension personnel, researchers, and practitioners; different disciplines, departments, and colleges; and different public and private organizations, agencies, and institutions. In practice, the development of these technological and organizational components of a domestic agroforestry program should occur simultaneously and proceed in parallel rather than in series. Hopefully, an emerging national policy on agroforestry will provide the framework needed to address these challenges.
It is important that the research, extension, federal and state agencies, NGOs, associations, cooperatives, and the private sector continue to build and develop the knowledge network and infrastructure to support the growth of agroforestry. With dedicated, collaborative efforts, agroforestry practices will become increasingly important within North America’s food, forage, and fiber production systems. It is hoped that this text provides support for innovative approaches to maintaining the long‐term ecological integrity and productivity of the nation’s farm and forest lands. Such is the essence of our society’s quest for sustainability.
References
1 Adams, D. M., Haynes, R. W., & Daigneault, A. J. (2006). Estimated timber harvest by U.S. region and ownership, 1950–2002 (Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW‐GTR‐659). Portland, OR: U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
2 Alavalapati, J. R. R., & Mercer, D. E. (Ed.). (2004). Valuing agroforestry systems: Methods and applications. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.
3 Altieri, M. A., Nicholls, C. I., & Montalba, R. (2017). Technological approaches to sustainable agriculture at a crossroads: An agroecological approach. Sustainability, 9, 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030349
4 Atangana, A., Khasa, D., Chang, S., & Degrande, A. (2013). Tropical agroforestry. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐94‐007‐7723‐1
5 Biggs, S. D. (1990). A multiple source of innovation model of agricultural research and technology promotion. World Development, 18, 1481–1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305‐750X(90)90038‐Y
6 Börner, J., Baylis, K., Corbera, E., Ezzine‐de‐Blas, D., Honey‐Rosés, J., Persson, U. M., & Wunder, S. (2017). The effectiveness of payments for environmental services. World Development, 96, 359–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.020
7 Brown, S. E., Miller, D. C., Ordonez, P. J., & Baylis, K. (2018). Evidence for the impacts of agroforestry on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well‐being in high‐income countries: A systematic map protocol. Environmental Evidence, 7, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750‐018‐0136‐0
8 Buck, L. E. (1995). Agroforestry policy issues and research directions in the US and less developed countries: Insights and challenges from recent experience. Agroforestry Systems, 30, 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00708913
9 Bukowski, C., & Munsell, J. (2018). The community food forest handbook: How to plan, organize, and nurture edible gathering places. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green.
10 Burgess, P., & Rosati, A. (2018). Advances in European agroforestry: Results from the AGFORWARD project. Agroforestry Systems, 92, 801–810.
11 Burke, T. A., Cascio, W. E., Costa, D. L., Deener, K., Fontaine, T. D., Fulk, F. A., … Zartarian, V. G. (2017). Rethinking environmental protection: Meeting the challenges of a changing world. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(3), A43–A49. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1465
12 Campbell, D. T. (1986). Ethnocentrism of disciplines and the fish‐scale model of omniscience. In D. E. Chubin, A. L. Porter, F. A. Rossini, & T. Connolly (Eds.), Interdisciplinary analysis and research (pp. 29–46). Mt. Airy, MD: Lomond.
13 Campbell, G. E., Lottes, G. J., & Dawson, J. O. (1991). Design and development of agroforestry systems for Illinois, USA: Silvicultural and economic considerations. Agroforestry Systems, 13, 203–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053579
14 Carroll, C. F. (1973). The timber economy of Puritan New England. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
15 Chambers, R., Pacey, A., & Thrupp, L. A. (Eds.). (1989). Farmer first: Farmer innovation and agricultural research. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
16 Chubin, D. E., Porter, A. L., Rossini, F. A., & Connolly, T. (Eds.). (1986). Interdisciplinary analysis and research. Mt. Airy, MD: Lomond.
17 Conway, G. R. (1987). The properties of agroecosystems. Agricultural Systems, 24, 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308‐521X(87)90056‐4
18 Coufal, J., & Webster, D. (1996). The emergence of sustainable forestry. In P. McDonald & J. Lassoie (Eds.), The literature of forestry and agroforestry (pp. 147–167). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
19 Coulibaly, J. Y., Chiputwa, B., Nakelse, T., & Kundhlande, G. (2016). Adoption of agroforestry and its impact on household food security among farmers in Malawi (ICRAF Working Paper 223). Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre. https://doi.org/10.5716/WP16013.PDF
20 Cronon, W. (1983). Changes in the land: Indians, colonists and the ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang.
21 Daly, H. E., & Cobb, J. B., Jr. (1989). For the common good. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
22 de Jalon, S. G., Graves, A., Palma, J. H. N., Williams, A., Upson, M., & Burgess, P. J. (2018). Modelling and valuing the environmental impacts of arable, forestry and agroforestry systems: A case study. Agroforestry Systems, 92, 1059–1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457‐017‐0128‐z
23 Dollinger, J., & Jose, S. (2018). Agroforestry for soil health. Agroforestry Systems, 92, 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457‐018‐0223‐9
24 Downing, M., Volk, T. A., & Schmidt, D. A. (2005). Development of new generation cooperatives in agriculture for renewable energy research, development, and demonstration projects. Biomass and Bioenergy, 28, 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.09.004
25 Dupraz, C., Gosme, M., & Lawson, G. (Eds.). (2019). Agroforestry: Strengthening links between science, society and policy: Book of Abstracts, 4th World Congress on Agroforestry. Montpellier: CIRAD.
26 Dupraz, C., Wolz, K. J., Lecomte, I., Talbot, G., Vincent, G., Mulia, R., … van Noordwijk, M. (2019). Hi‐sAFe: A 3D agroforestry model for integrating dynamic tree–crop interactions. Sustainability, 11, 2293. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082293
27 Elevitch, C. R., Mazaroli, D. N., & Ragone, D. (2018). Agroforestry