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make such a use of the Negroes, the British would.

      The movement received further impetus when special envoys from South Carolina headed by Huger appeared before the Continental Congress on March 29, 1779, to impress upon that body the necessity of doing something to relieve the Southern colonies. South Carolina, they reported, was suffering from an exposed condition in that the number of slaves being larger than that of the whites, she was unable to effect anything for its defense with the natives, because of the large number necessary to remain at home to prevent insurrections among the Negroes and their desertion to the enemy. These representatives, therefore, suggested that there might be raised among the Negroes in that State a force "which would not only be formidable to the enemy from their numbers and the discipline of which they would readily admit but would also lessen the danger from revolts and desertions by detaching the most vigorous and enterprising from among the Negroes." At the same time the Committee expressed the opinion that a matter of such vital interest to the two States concerned should be referred to their legislative bodies to judge as to the expediency of taking this step, and that if these commonwealths found it satisfactory that the United States should defray the expenses.

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      1

      Quillin, "The Color Line in Ohio," 18.

      2

      "Tyrannical Libertymen," 10-11; Locke, "Antislavery," 31-32; Branagan, "Serious Remonstrance," 18.

      3

      Woodson, "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861," 230-231.

      4

      Constitution, Article I, Sections 2, 6.

      5

      Laws of Ohio, II, 63.

1

Quillin, "The Color Line in Ohio," 18.

2

"Tyrannical Libertymen," 10-11; Locke, "Antislavery," 31-32; Branagan, "Serious Remonstrance," 18.

3

Woodson, "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861," 230-231.

4

Constitution, Article I, Sections 2, 6.

5

Laws of Ohio, II, 63.

6

Laws of Ohio, V, 53.

7

Hickok, "The Negro in Ohio," 41, 42.

8

Warden, "Statistical, Political and Historical Account of the United States of North America," 264.

9

Quillin, "The Color Line in Ohio," 32.

10

The Census of the United States, from 1800 to 1850.

11

Flint's Letters in Thwaite's "Early Western Travels," IX, 239.

12

Cist, "Cincinnati in 1841," 37; Cincinnati Daily Gazette, Sept. 14, 1841.

13

Ibid.

14

United States Census, 1850.

15

Ohio State Journal, May 3, 1827; African Repository, III, 254.

16

Abdy, "Journal of a Tour in the United States," III, 62.

17

Jay, "Miscellaneous Writings on Slavery," 27, 373, 385, 387; Minutes of the Convention of the Colored People of Ohio, 1849.

18

Barber, "A Report on the Condition of the Colored People of Ohio," 1840.

19

Proceedings of the Ohio Antislavery Convention, 1835, 19.

20

Ibid.

21

Proceedings of the Ohio Antislavery Convention, 1835, 19.

22

African Repository, V, 185.

23

African Repository, V, 185.

24

For a lengthy account of these efforts see Woodson's "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861," 245, 328, 329; and Hickok, "The Negro in Ohio," 83, 88.

25

Fairchild, "Oberlin: Its Origin, Progress and Results."

26

Howe, "Historical Collections of Ohio," 356.

27

The Southern Workman, XXXVII, 169.

28

For a full account see Howe, "Historical Collections of Ohio," 225-226.

29

Barber, "Report on the Condition of the Colored People in Ohio," 1840, and The Philanthropist, July 14 and 21, 1840.

30

These facts are taken from A. D. Barber's "Report on the Condition of the Colored People in Ohio" and from other articles contributed to The Philanthropist in July, 1840.

31

In this case I have taken the statements of Negroes who were employed in this capacity.

32

The Philanthropist, July 14 and 24, 1840; and May 26, 1841.

33

Hickok, "The Negro in Ohio," 89.

34

The Philanthropist, July 14 and 21, 1840.

35

The Philanthropist, July 21, 1840.

36

The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 14, 1841.

37

The Philanthropist, July 21, 1840.

38

Ibid.

39

The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 14, 1841.

40

A detailed account of these clashes is given in The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September 14, 1841.

41

The Cincinnati Daily Gazette, September, 1841.

42

A very interesting account of this riot is given in Howe's "Historical Collections of Ohio," pages 226-228.

43

It was discovered that not a few of the mob came from Kentucky. About eleven o'clock on Saturday night a bonfire was lighted on that side of the river and loud shouts were sent up as if triumph had been achieved. "In some cases." says a reporter, "the directors were boys who suggested the point of attack, put the vote, declared the result and led the way."–Cin. Daily Gaz., Sept. 14, 1841.

44

Hickok, "The Negro in Ohio," 90 et seq.

45

Laws of Ohio, XL, 81.

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