Introduction to Japanese Architecture. David Young

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Introduction to Japanese Architecture - David Young


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      Introduction to Japanese Architecture

      text and photographs by David and Michiko Young

       illustrations by Tan Hong Yew

      Published by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd

       Text © 2004 David and Michiko Young

       Illustrations © 2004 Tan Hong Yew

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher.

      ISBN: 978-1-4629-0809-7 (ebook)

      Printed in Singapore

      09 08 07 06 05 04

       6 5 4 3 2 1

      Distributors

       Japan: Tuttle Publishing, Yaekari Building, 3F,

       5-4-12 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032

       Tel: (813) 5437 0171; Fax: (813) 5437 0755

       E-mail: [email protected]

      Asia Pacific: Berkeley Books Pte Ltd,

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       E-mail: [email protected]

      North America, Latin America, and Europe:

       Tuttle Publishing, 364 Innovation Drive,

       North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436

       Tel: (802) 773 8930; Fax: (802) 773 6993

       E-mail: [email protected]

      Photo Credits

       Akita City, page 125 (No. 4); Murata Noboru, pages 91, 103; Nara Bunkazai Kenkyūjo, page 28; National Museum of Japanese History, page 54; Rekishi Kaidō Promotional Council, page 124 (bottom); Rinnōji Temple at Nikkō, page 98 (top); SANYO Electric Co. Ltd., Japan, page 125 (No. 1); Shiraoi Ainu Museum, pages 24, 25; Suzuki Toshikatsu, pages 118, 119, 120 (except left), 121; Luca Tettoni, page 120 (left); Toshitaka Morita, page 87; Michael Yamashita, pages 7, 11, 37, 50-51, 84, 126; Yoshinori Okayama, page 86.

      Acknowledgements

       We are especially indebted to Kansai Gaidai University, which has supported our research in a variety of ways and to Professor Kataoka Osamu who provided us with recent findings on prehistoric architecture. Other individuals who provided special assistance are Yoshimoto Norihito, Yoshinori Okayama, and Teresa Hurst. Institutions that were especially helpful are Ainu Minzoku Hakubutsukan (The Ainu Museum) and the Kokuritsu Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan (National Museum of Japanese History). We would also like to thank the Imperial Household Agencies in Kyoto and Tokyo, the Izumi City Board of Education, Jingū Chōkokan (the museum affiliated with Ise Jingū), the Ise Shrine Office, Murōji Temple, Tōshōgū at Nikkō, the Rekishi Kaidō Promotional Council, Akita City, SANYO Electric Co. Ltd., and the many other institutions that provided us with information and pictures. Two books in Japanese that have been of special help are Nihon Kenchiku no Mikata (How to Observe Japanese Architecture) by Miyamoto Kenji and Shūfuku no Techō (Restoration Notes) by Bunkazai Kenzōbutsu Hozon Gijutsu Kyōkai (Japanese Association for the Conservation of Architectural Monuments). We are indebted to Murata Noboru, Suzuki Toshikatsu, Luca Tettoni, Toshitaka Morita, and Michael Yamashita, for granting permission to use their work to supplement photographs taken by the authors. Finally, we are grateful for the untiring assistance of our editor, Noor Azlina Yunus.

      Contents

Development of Traditional Architecture 4
Basic Principles of Japanese Architecture 6
Pre-Buddhist Cultures 12
Reconstructed Jōmon and Yayoi Settlements 14
The Grand Shrines at Ise 18
Tomb Mounds 22
Ainu Buildings 24
Influences from Korea and China 26
Heijōkyō: An Early Capital 28
Hōryūji: The Oldest Extant Temple 30
Nara Period Temples 32
Post-Buddhist Shinto Shrines 34
Developing a Cultural Identity 36
Palaces and Mansions 40
Mountain Temples 44
Paradise Halls 48
Merging of Shinto and Buddhist Architecture 52
The Way of the Warrior 54
New Principles in Residential Architecture 56
Kinkakuji and Ginkakuji Temples 58
The Way of Tea 62
Feudal Period Temples 66
The Ichijōdani Historic Site 68
Castles and Castle Culture 72
Centralized Authority 76
Edo: The Feudal Capital 78
Takayama: An Administrative Town 80
Kanazawa: A Castle Town 82
Ogimachi: A Farm Village 84
Minka: Rural Houses
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