Appalachian Mushrooms. Walter E. Sturgeon
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10. Cap dry or moist; not viscid; scarlet to orange; gills yellowish; not decurrent: Hygrocybe miniata (p. 74)
1. Cap moist; viscid when wet; orange to yellowish orange; gills white or pale yellow: Hygrocybe flavescens (p. 78)
12. Cap moist; orange to bright orangish yellow; gills colored like the cap: Humidicutis marginata var. concolor (p. 84)
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schwein.) Murrill
SYNONYM: Hygrophorus cantharellus (Schwein.) Fr.
COMMON NAME: Chanterelle Wax Cap
FAMILY: Hygrophoraceae
CAP: Up to 1-1/4 in. wide; convex becoming flattened, often with a central depression; scarlet to reddish orange or yellowish orange, fading in age, margin often yellowish; surface dry, tomentose to finely scaly; margin often scalloped or undulating at maturity
FLESH: Yellowish or colored like the cap; thin; odor not distinctive, or at times of raw potatoes; taste not distinctive
GILLS: Creamy yellow to orange yellow, edges sometimes paler than the faces; subdistant to distant; subdecurrent to decurrent; waxy; thick but with a sharp edge; no partial veil
STEM: Up to 3-1/4 in. long, typically much longer than the cap width; scarlet to reddish orange or yellowish orange, base yellow or white; equal or tapering downward; cylindrical or compressed; fragile; stuffed or hollow; surface dry or slightly tacky, smooth, bald, dull to satiny
SPORE PRINT: White
ECOLOGY: Probably symbiotic with mosses and possibly other plants; scattered to gregarious in moss, soil, well-decayed wood, and humus in broadleaf and mixed woods, bogs, and lawns; summer and early fall; common
EDIBILITY: Edible but of little value owing to its small size and thin flesh
COMMENTS: Compare with Hygrocybe miniata (p. 74), which is a common species that has a shorter stem and whose gills do not run down the stem. Hygrocybe turunda (not illustrated) is a similar bog species that has dark, erect hairs on the center of the cap. It is possible that Hygrocybe cantharellus represents a complex of very similar species.
Hygrocybe cantharellus
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Hygrocybe miniata (P. Kumm.) Fr.
SYNONYM: Hygrophorus miniatus (Fr.) Fr.
COMMON NAME: Vermillion Wax Cap
FAMILY: Hygrophoraceae
CAP: Up to 1-1/4 in. wide; scarlet to reddish orange, fading to orange; convex to broadly convex, becoming flat, often with a central depression; surface dry or moist, not viscid, at times becoming fibrillose or slightly scurfy
FLESH: Pale yellow, orange, reddish; thin; odor and taste not distinctive
GILLS: Variable in color, usually yellow but may be reddish or whitish; broadly attached to the stem; subdistant to distant; thick; waxy; edges even; no partial veil
STEM: Up to 3 in. long; red, orange, or yellow; equal or tapering toward the yellowish base; may be compressed; surface moist, not viscid
SPORE PRINT: White
ECOLOGY: Considered to be saprobic but recent studies indicate a possible association with mosses and other plants; gregarious to scattered on the ground, well-decayed wood, and in moss; summer and fall; common
EDIBILITY: Reported as edible; the author has not tried it
COMMENTS: This is one of the most common reddish wax caps. There are many others. None are considered choice edibles. Compare with Hygrocybe cantharellus (p. 73), whose gills extend down the stem.
Hygrocybe miniata
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Hygrocybe purpureofolia (H. E. Bigelow) Courtec.
SYNONYM: Hygrophorus purpureofolius H. E. Bigelow
COMMON NAME: Lavender Gilled Wax Cap
FAMILY: Hygrophoraceae
CAP: Up to 2 in. wide; dark orangish red, fading to bright yellowish orange, paler at the margin; conic, becoming convex to nearly flat, with a low, broad umbo; surface bald or with small scales, moist but not tacky or slimy
FLESH: White; thin; waxy; odor and taste not distinctive
GILLS: Lavender to purplish or yellowish orange in age; attached to subdecurrent; subdistant; waxy; edges even; no partial veil
STEM: Up to 3 in. long; yellow to orangish red, base with whitish or violet tints; equal or enlarged downward; hollow; often compressed; surface bald, moist, but not viscid
SPORE PRINT: White
ECOLOGY: Considered to be saprobic, but recent studies indicate a possible association with mosses and other plants; gregarious to scattered on the ground, on well-decayed wood, and in moss in broadleaf and mixed woods; summer and fall; uncommon
EDIBILITY: Unknown
COMMENTS: The combination of a reddish-orange cap and purplish gills make this a distinctive and striking species.
Hygrocybe purpureofolia
Photo by William Roody
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Hygrocybe appalachianensis (Hesler and A. H. Sm.) Kronaw
SYNONYM: Hygrophorus appalachianensis Hesler and A. H. Sm.
COMMON NAME: Appalachian Wax Cap
FAMILY: Hygrophoraceae
CAP: Up to 2-1/2 in. wide; bright red to deep purplish red, fading to orangish yellow, often with a pale margin; convex to flat, with a depressed center; margin turned under at first, with a yellow edging; surface moist, not viscid, not striate, fibrillose to minutely scaly
FLESH: Yellow tinged orange; odor and taste not distinctive
GILLS: Colored like the cap with yellowish edges; attached to subdecurrent; subdistant to distant; fairly broad; edges even or slightly saw toothed; no partial veil
STEM: Up to 3 in. long; mostly colored like the cap, base yellowish; equal; hollow; compressed at times; surface bald, not viscid
SPORE PRINT: White
ECOLOGY: Considered to be saprobic,